Ap Human Geography Unit 5 Answers – Flashcards
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colony
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Numerous emigrants or their descendants who settle in a distant territory but remain subject to or closely associated with the home country
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colonialism
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Policy by which a nation maintains or extends its control over foreign dependencies
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Exclusive Economic Zones(EEZ)
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A seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources.
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perforated state
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a state that completely surrounds another one
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landlocked state
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a state that lacks a direct outlet to the sea because it is completely surrounded by several other countries
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geometric boundary
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a boundary drawn according to geometry
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cultural boundary
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boundaries between states that coincide with differences in ethnicity, language and religion.
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superimposed boundary
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A boundary that is established after intensive settlement has occurred, thus being imposed upon an existing cultural landscape.
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subsequent boundary
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Boundaries that evolve together with the society they encompass.
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NAFTA
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An agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico
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centrifugal force
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It divides a state and plagues an ethnically and culturally diverse country
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frontier
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A zone where no state exercises complete political control.
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unitary state
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A state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
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nationality
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identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country.
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ethnicity
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identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural tradition.
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imperialism
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the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
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territorial morphology
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a states physical shape. there are five basic shapes, which are compact, prorupted, elongated, fragmeted, and preforated
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stateless nation
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a nation that does not have a state of its own
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European Union
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Western Europe's most important economic organization established in 1958
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allocational boundary dispute
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A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.
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OPEC
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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centripetal force
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An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
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compact state
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A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
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prorupted state
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An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extention
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Cold War
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A state of rivalry and tension between two factions, groups, or individuals that stops short of open, violent confrontation
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relic boundary
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boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape such as North and South Vietnam
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state
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the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
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sovereignty
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government free from external control
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supranationalism
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beyond the authority of one national government.
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Organization of American States (oas)
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includes all 35 states in the western hemisphere
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Commonwealth of Nations
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a voluntary association of independent nations and dependent territories linked by historical ties (as parts of the former British Empire) and cooperating on matters of mutual concern, esp. regarding economics and trade.
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physical boundary
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geographical features that are easily seen on maps and on ground. (ex. Moutains, deserts, water)
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Rimland Theory
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the american idea that whoever controlled the "rimland" of the Eurasian continent (Korea, India, Pakistan, etc.) would be able to suppress any attempts by anyone to take over the world again.
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Heartland Theory
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Helford Mackinder's theory stated that the control of Eastern Europe was a key to controlling the world. The theory stated who rules East Europe commands the Heartland, who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island, and who rules the World-Island commands the world.
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state
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the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative units of a nation. Has defined territory, sovereign government, functioning economy, permanent population, and international recognition.
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sovereignty
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government that is free from external controls
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self-determination
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concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
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elongated state
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State with a long and narrow shape
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fragmented state
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A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory
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Microstate
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A state or territory that is small in both size and population.
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Decolonization
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the achievement of independence by countries that were once colonies of other states
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City-state
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a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
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Territory
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the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state
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Antecedent boundaries
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A boundary line established before an area is populated
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Exclave
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a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.
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Enclave
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an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it
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Periphery
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the outside boundary or surface of something
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Forward thrust capital
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a capital city created to develop an empty part of the country away from the core
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Capital
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a seat of government
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border landscapes
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Exclusionary- Meant to keep people out Inclusionary- Meant to facillitate trade and movement
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nations
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A nation is a group of people with a bond, either ethnically, religiously, racially, or due to historical event. Nations themselves are not considered sovereign.
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nation-states
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states whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture
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shatterbelt
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a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...).
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devolution
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the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government)
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regional autonomy
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limited self-rule for a region within the larger state
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geopolitics
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the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
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organic theory
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The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.
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terrorism
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the calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature
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al-qaeda
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a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001
