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Acculturation

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the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture. An example would be the native americans adopting the use of guns when Europeans came.

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Adaptive strategy

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The unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical enviroment to provide neccesties of life. An example would be a city damming a river to get electricty

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Assimilation

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the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure. An example would be assimilating immigrents to american culture by teaching them the way of life

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Barrioization

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defined by geographer James Curtis as the dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood.... pretty self explanatory as far as an example goes....

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cultural adaptation

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the complex strategies human groups employ to live successfully as part of a natural system. An example would be a cultrue adapting to the volcano by not living near it

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Cultural shatterbelt

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A politically unstable region where differing cultural elements come into contact and conflict. Cultural clashes. for example, Indonesia with a background of multicultural, ethnicities and religions.

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Ethnic cleansing

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the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of ethnic minorities by a dominant majority group. an example would be the holocaust

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Ethnic conflict

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An ethnic conflict is a war between ethnic groups often as a result of ethnic nationalism or fight over natural resources. Ethnic conflict often includes genocide. It can also be caused by boundary disputes. an example of this would be in africa where there are many civil wars because they were put together in a country by the europeans despite their history of hating eachother

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Ethnic enclave

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a neighborhood, district, or suburb, or country which retains some cultural distinction from a larger surrounding area. an example would be Lesotho

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Ethnic group

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Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics. an example would be indian

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Ethnic homeland

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the concept of the place (cultural geography) to which an ethnic group holds a long history and a deep cultural association with. an example would be the sweedish who are very attached to their homeland

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Ethnic landscape

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The landscape formed by the ethnicities living in that area. Example: where chinese ethnic groups migrated - china town becomes part of landscape

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Ethnic neighborhood

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neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitian city and constructed by or composed of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs. Some exampels are china town and little italy

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Ethnicity

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Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. An example would be hispanic

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Ethnocentrism

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tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups. An example would be when the Americans held the idea that they were superior to the Native Americans and so the sttempted to spread their ideals of democracy

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Ghetto

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a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions. An example could be sketchy parts of Los Angeles

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Identifying against

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constructing an identity by first defining the "other" and then defining ourselves as "not the other". We can identify people who steal as the other as criminals then us as not like them

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Identity

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the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known. An example owuld be how you clothing, and what you consume along with your expirences make up who you are

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Place

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human or physical aspects of any given location. Timberline high school is a place

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Plural society

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a society in which different cultural groups keep their own identity, beliefs, and traditions. The United states can be considered a plural society because it is made of of many diferent types of people who will segregate to certain areas

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Queer Theory

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Theory defined by geographers Glen Elder and Lawrence Knopp, and Heidi Nast that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the poitical engagement of "queers" with the heteronormative.... there really isnt an example to go along with this one

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Race

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people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock. Asain is a race

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Racism

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discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race. an example was when the south was incredibly racist toward blacks (may still exist today)

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Residential segregation

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Defined by Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton as "the degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of the urban environment." an example was in New york the gay population lived sepeartly then the straight

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segregation

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separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. An example was in schools when they made white and black people go to diferent schools

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Sense of Place

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state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character. An example is you infuse your house with more than just a building

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Social distance

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the extent to which people are willing to interact and establish relationships with members of racial and ethnic groups other than their own. an example would be how some countries like america have lower social distances while others like Japan have very high ones

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Dowry Death

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In the context of arranged marriages in India, disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom (the dowry) have, in some extreme cases, led to the death of the bride.

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Enfranchisement

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a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote). an example would be how in some countries like america anyone over 18 can vote while in other less developed countries only men can vote

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Gender

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weather someone is male or female. an example is Mrs.hill is female and mrcrisp is male

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Gender Gap

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a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men. an example could be the pay diferences between genders (men get paid more)

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Infanticide

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murdering an infant.... not really a need for an example here but if some one were to go and murrder an infant in china because of the one child rule that would work

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Longevity Gap

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the gap between the life expectancy of men and women. women currently have higher life expectancies

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Maternal mortality

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Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth. an example would be the US has a very low rate compared to sub sarhara africa

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Annexation

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The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit. an example would be when america annexed texas a long time ago

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Apartheid

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a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against a ethnic group or race. An example owuld be the transportation system in Africa

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Boundary

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the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something. The american coundry defines its land era but it also extends into the earth as well as into the sky

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Buffer State

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a small neutral state between two rival powers. an example is mongolia

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Capitalism

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an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. United states is an example of a capatalistic society

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Centrifugal

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Forces that tend to divide a country-such as international religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences. an example could be the diferent religions present in India and Packastan driving the war on Kashmiri

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Centripetal

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Forces that tend to unify a country- such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared idealogical objectives, and a common faith

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City-State

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a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside. An example is New York city

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Commodification

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The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy. When ipads became popular they were given a commodification value

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Confederation

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the act of forming an alliance or confederation. the UN would be an example of a confederation

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Decolonization

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The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

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Democracy

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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. United states is an example as well as mst of the modernized countries

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Devolution

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the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government). the inited states has some decolution to the states as we give the state goverments power

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Domino theory

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the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.s o if china became completly communist then mongolia would as well

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Electoral regions

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The different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions. Idaho is a electoral region in the presidental election

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Enclave

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an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it. an example would be lesotho

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Exclave

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A part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory. Alaska is an exclave of america

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European Union

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an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

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Fedral

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a system of goverment in witch the national and state goverments share power. the united states has a fedral goverment consiting of the judicary, legislayive, and executive branches

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Geometric boundary

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Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines. such as colorado

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Geopolitics

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the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state. We have studies how africas location has put them at an economic disadvantage

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Gerrymander

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an act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage). people running for office can do this to win

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International organization

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an international alliance involving many different countries. the UN EU and NAFTA are all exampels

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Landlocked

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surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land. Idaho is landlocked

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Mercantilism

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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. China did this in the 18th century

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Multinational State

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State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.The united states is an example

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Multistate nation

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when a nation stretches across borders and across states. asia could be an exmaple

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Nation

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a politically organized body of people under a single government.Mongolia, north korea, mexico, etc

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Nation-State

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A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. The amish could be considered a nation state

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Periphery

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the outside edge of something. Flordia is an example

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Physical-political boundary

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boundary defined by a physical land mark like a river or a lake

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Reunification

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bring together to parts of a country under one government (ex: Germany)

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Satellite state

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A political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country. an example is Taiwan

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Sovereignty

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Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. The united states gained soveregnty in the revolutionary war when it became free from britain

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State

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a politically organized body of people under a single government. america, china, france, etc

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Stateless nation

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a nation without a state (e.g., Kurds, Palestinians, ...).

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Supernationalism

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The idea that differing nations can cooperate so closely for their mutual benefit that they can share the same government, economy, social policies, and military. The UN and EU are exampels

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Territorial integrity

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the right of a state to defend soverign territory against incurrsion from other states. India is having Territorial integrity of Packastan

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Theocracy

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a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided) communism could be an example

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Unitary

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characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority. communism could be an example

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space

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the unlimited expanse in which everything is located. or how areas interact with eachother. Mexico occupies an area of space

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