AP Human Geography Unit 3, Migration – Flashcards
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activity space
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the space within which daily activity occurs.
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brain drain
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large-scale emigration by talented people.
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brain gain
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large-scale immigration by talented people.
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chain migration (migration ladder)
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migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
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circulation
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short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.
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diaspora
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A Greek word meaning 'dispersal,' used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland. Jews, for example, spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity and today can be found in other places.
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emigration
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migration from a location.
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immigration
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migration to a location.
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forced migration
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permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.
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voluntary migration
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permanent movement undertaken by choice.
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guest worker
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a person with temporary permission to work in another country.
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internal migration
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permanent movement within the same country.
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international migration
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permanent movement from one country to another.
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intervening obstacle
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an environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.
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intervening opportunity
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The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
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migration transition
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change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.
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migration stream
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a constant flow of migrants from the same origin to the same destination.
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migration selectivity
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only people exhibiting certain characteristics in a population choosing to migrate.
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mobility
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the quality of moving freely.
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net migration
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the difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
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periodic movement
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motion that recurs over and over and the period of time required for each recurrence remains the same
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push factors
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factors that induce people to leave old residences.
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pull factors
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factors that induce people to move to new residences.
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Ravenstein's Laws
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Laws by Ravestein that state that people tend to migrate a short distance, that they migrate long distance only if they are going to cities, that they migrate usually for economic reasons, that females migrate more than males, and rurals migrate more than townsfolk
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refugee
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people who are forced to migrate from thier home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of thier race, religion, nationality, membership of a social group, of political opinion.
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remittance
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a payment of money sent to a person in another place
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step migration
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Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city
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time contract workers
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immigrants recruited for a fixed period to work in mines or plantations.
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transhumance
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A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures
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urbanization
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an increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
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suburbanization
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the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
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counterurbanization
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net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
