Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Vocabulary Answers – Flashcards
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Fieldwork
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the study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places
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Human Geography
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the study of how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, religion, and the world
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Globalization
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the expansion of economic, political and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact; transcends state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and scales
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Physical Geography
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one of the two major divisions of systematic geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes and location of the Earth's natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography
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Medical Geography
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the study of health and disease within a geographic context and geographical perspective; looks at sources, diffusion routes, and distribution of diseases
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Pandemic
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an outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide
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Epidemic
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regional outbreak of a disease
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Five themes of geography
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location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, regions
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Location
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the geographical situation of people and things
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Human-environment interaction
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how humans and the environment affect each other
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Region
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groups of places that share similar characteristics
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Place
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uniqueness of a location
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Sense of Place
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state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion
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Movement
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the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet
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Distance
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measurement of the physical space between two places
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Accessibility
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the degree of ease with which it was possible to reach a certain location from other locations
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Connectivity
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the degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network
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Landscape
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the overall appearance of an area
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Cultural landscape
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the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
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Sequent occupance
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the sequential imprints of occupance, whose impacts are layered one on top of the other, each layer having some impact on the other
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Cartography
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the art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design
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Reference Map
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a type of map that shows locations of places ad geographic features
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Thematic Map
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a type of map that tells a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of its distribution, or its movement; its purpose is to tell a story
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Absolute Location
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a latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location)
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Global Positioning System
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satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographical features
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Relative Location
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location described by landmarks, time, direction, or distance from one place to another
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Mental Map
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a map drawn from memory and perspective
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Activity Space
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the places we routinely travel to in our rounds of daily activity
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Generalized Map
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a map meant to help the person see general trends or patterns in the map
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Remote Sensing
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gathers data at a distance from the earth's surface by satellites and aircraft; the data that shows the major areas of impact and can take photos of major damage; helps geographers understand physical and human geography of a place and the data can be incorporated into a map
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Geographic Information Systems
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integrates (gathering) hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically references information; allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, charts
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Rescale
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to involve players at other scales and create a global outcry of support for their position
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Formal Region
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share cultural or physical traits
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Functional Region
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defined by a particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it
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Perceptual Region
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intellectual constructs designed to help understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography
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Culture
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the sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society
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Culture Trait
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a single element of normal practice in a culture (ex. turban)
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Culture Complex
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a related set of cultural traits
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Culture Hearth
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place of origin of a major culture
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Independence Invention
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the term for a trait with many cultures that developed independent of each other
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Cultural Diffusion
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the expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area
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Time-Distance Decay
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the declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source
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Cultural Barrier
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prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture
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Expansion Diffusion
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when an idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth
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Contagious Diffusion
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spreads adjacently from the hearth
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Hierarchical Diffusion
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spreads to most linked people or places first (ex. fashion)
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Stimulus Diffusion
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idea promotes a local experiment or change in the way people do things (ex. greek yogurt)
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Relocation Diffusion
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movement of individuals who carry an idea or innovation with them to a new, perhaps distant locale (ex. colonization)
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Environmental Determinism
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the belief that mainly the environment shapes the culture of an area
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Possibilism
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the belief that people shape the culture of an area,
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Cultural Ecology
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the idea that culture is shaped by the way we interact and treat our environment
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Political Ecology
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the study of the relationships between political, economic, and social factors with environmental issues and changes
