Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Vocab Answers – Flashcards
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absolute location
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the coordinates of a place using latitude and longitude
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accessibility
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the ability to reach a place with respect to another place
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agricultural density
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the number of farmers per unit of farmland
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arithmetic density
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the total number of objects in an area
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cartography
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the science of map-making
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choropleth map
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a thematic map using shading to show a pattern of a variable (the darker the shading, the higher the concentration of the variable)
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concentration
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the extent of a feature's spread over space
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connectivity
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relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
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contagious diffusion
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the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
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core-periphery
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central, wealthy, technologically advanced countries vs. less-developed, poor, and dependant countries
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cultural ecology
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the geographic study of human-environment relationships
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cultural landscape
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forms superimposed on the physical environment by humans
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density
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the frequency with which something occurs in space
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diffusion
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the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
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distance decay
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contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears
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distribution
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the arrangement of a feature in space
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environmental determinism
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the theory that the physical environment causes social development
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equator
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the parallel with the largest circumference and the place with 12 hours of daylight (0 degrees latitude)
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Eratosthenes
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created the word geography, accepted the Earth is sperical, calculated its circumference, and created a map of the Earth dividing it into climatic regions
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expansion diffusion
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the pread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process
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formal region
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an area within which everyone shares in a common one or more distinctive characteristics
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functional region
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an area organized around a node or central point
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GIS
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a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data
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globalization
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a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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GPS
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a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth
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Greenwich Mean Time
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the master reference time for all points on Earth; the time at the prime meridian
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hearth
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the place from which an innovation originates
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hierarchical diffusion
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the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority to other persons or places
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human geography
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the study of where and why human activities are located where they are
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International Date Line
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a line following the 180 degree latitude line where when you cross it going west, you set the clock forward by 24 hours
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isoline map
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a thematic map with continuous lines joining points of the same value
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Land Ordinance Act of 1785
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divided the West into townships and ranges to help with the buying and selling of land
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latitude
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the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
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location
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the position that something occupies on Earth's surface
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longitude
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a numbering system used to locate each meridian on Earth's surface
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map
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a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it
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mental map
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an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface
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Mercator projection
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rectangular-shaped maps with little shape and direction distortion, but a lot of size distortion
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meridian
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an arc drawnbetween the North and South poles
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pattern
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the geometric arrangement of objects in space
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physiological density
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the number of persons per unit of land suitable for agriculture
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possibilism
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theory that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment
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prime meridian
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the meridian that is 0 degrees longitude
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principle meridian
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the north-south lines seperating townships
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projection
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the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map
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Ptolemy
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an ancient Greek who wrote Guide to Geography and made many maps
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reference map
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help people find and identify physical and/or political features
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region
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an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of physical and cultural traits
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relative location
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lets us find unfamiliar locations by comparing them to familiar ones
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remote sensing
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the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or other long-distance methods
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Robinson projection
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maps that are useful for displaying information across the oceans, but land areas are smaller than on interrupted maps of the same size
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scale
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refers to the relationship of a feature's size on a map compared to its actual size on Earth
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sense of place
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a feeling for the features that contribute to the distinctiveness of a particular spot on Earth
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sequent occupance
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the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
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site
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the physical character of a place
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situation
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the location of a place relative to other places
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space-time compression
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the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place
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spatial
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depending on the scale, different spatial assumptions can be made
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stimulus diffusion
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the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
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thematic map
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shows how a particular feature is distributed over an area
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Tobler's First Law of Geography
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everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than far things
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toponym
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the name given to a place on Earth
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vernacular region
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a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
