AP Human Geography Unit 1; The Geographic Perspective – Flashcards
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Absolute Location
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The location of a place on earth given its geographical coordinates
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Cartography
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The science of mapmaking
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Culture
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Body of customary beliefs, material traits, social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
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Formal region
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Everyone within the area shares a common characteristic
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Functional region
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An area organized around a certain focal point or node that maintains an influence to that area. an example is a market area
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GIS
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(Geographic Information System) Captures, stores, analyzes and displays geographic data by creating layers for comparison
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Geography
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They study of where things are on Earths surface and the reasons for the location
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GPS
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(Global Positioning System) Uses satellites that orbit the Earth to send data to tracking stations to determine precise location on Earth
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Location
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The position that something occupies on Earth's surface
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Place
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Specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic
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Region
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An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics
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Remote sensing
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Acquisition of data about the Earth's surface from a satellite or other long distance method
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Scale
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-The relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth -The level at which you group something to gather information
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Site
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The physical characteristics of a place (climate, topography, water source)
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Situation
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The importance of a place determined by its relation to other places
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Toponym
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A name given to a place on Earth
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Vernacular region
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an area with perceived commonalities giving it varying or fuzzy borders
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Projection
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The scientific method of transferring a location on Earth's surface to a flat map
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Latitude
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Lines that tell the distance away from the Equator
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Longitude
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Lines that tell the distance away from the prime meridian
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Greenwich Mean Time
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(GMT) The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude
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International Date line
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180 degrees longitude
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Cultural Landscape
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The way that humans modify their environment to suit their needs
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Eratosthenes
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Geographer who created the first map
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Ortelius
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Geographer who created the first modern atlas that included the western hemisphere
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Robinson Projection
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Map projection that is good at displaying information across oceans but lacks information about continents
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Mercator Projection
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Map projection that displays information about continents well but the poles are distorted
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Space
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The physical gap or interval between two objects. The geometric surface of the Earth.
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Concentration
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The spread of something over a given area (clustered or dispersed)
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Distribution
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The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. Three main properties (Density, Concentration, and pattern)
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Density
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The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
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Relative location
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The location of a place compared to a known place or geographic feature
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North and South poles
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90 degrees latitude
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Distance Decay
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The farther away places are from their origin, the less likely the interaction will be with the original place.
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Tobler's law
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States that all places are interrelated, but closer places are more related
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Arithmetic Density
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The number of things per square unit of distance.
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Agricultural Density
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The number of farmers per square unit of land
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Physiological Density
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The number of people per square unit of arable land (Land that is farmed, or has the potential to be farmed).
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Hearth
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The region from which innovative ideas originate.
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Expansion diffusion
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The pattern originates in the center and diffuses outwards in all direction
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Hierarchical diffusion
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The pattern originated in a first-order location then diffuses to second-order locations
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Relocation diffusion
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The pattern begins at a point of origin then crosses a significant physical barrier (ocean, mountain, desert) and relocates to the other side
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Contagious diffusion
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The pattern begins at the origin and moves to nearby locations. (movement of disease)
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Stimulus diffusion
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An underlying principle diffuses and then stimulates the creation of new products or idea
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Topographic maps
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Shows land elevation levels, and urban/vegetation surface.
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Thematic maps
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Have a theme
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Chloropleth maps
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Uses color variations to show the geographic variability
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Isoline maps
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Weather map the shows the pressure system using contour lines
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Dot density map
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Uses dots to express the volume and density of a geographic feature
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Flow line map
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Uses line or varying thickness to show the direction and volume of geographic movement pattern
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Cartograms
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Distorts the shapes of countries to show the data
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Proportional symbol map
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Use symbols or different sizes to show the volume of the data
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Mental map
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Cognitive image of landscape in the human mind
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Ecology
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The scientific study of the evironment
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Environmental deteminism
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A 19th-century belief that the environment determined human settlement
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Globalization
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Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
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Posibilism
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The theory that the environment may set limits to human action, but people have the ability to adapt and adjust.
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Perservation
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The maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible
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Transnational coporation
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A company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters are.
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Uneven development
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The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral countries as a result of the globalization of the economy.
