Ap Human Geography Practice Test – Flashcards
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The word "geography" literally means (A) the study of space (B) Earth study (C) people and nature (D) Earth writing (E) human ground
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(D) Earth writing
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New York City is divided into five_____ in order to better organize social services for millions of people. (A) counties (B) voting precincts (C) town councils (D) school districts (E) boroughs
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(E) boroughs
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In which of the following countries would you expect to find the highest rate of population growth? (A) Canada (B) Namibia (C) Sweden (D) Chile (E) United States
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(B) Namibia
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In distance decay models, the slope of the decay function illustrates (A) the type of interaction (B) the nature of the network. (C) the influence of "friction of distance." (D) topography (E) net dispersion
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(C) the influence of "friction of distance."
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Which of the following projections places the North or South Pole at the center of the view? (A) Azimuthal (B) Choropleth (C) pole view (D) Fuller's (E) Mercator
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(A) Azimuthal
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Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s. Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant African-American populations-such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Detroit-without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in-between. This type of spatial diffusion is called (A) relocation diffusion (B) hierarchical diffusion (C) contagious diffusion (D) cultural diffusion (E) indeterminant diffusion
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(B) hierarchical diffusion
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Cartography is the art and science of (A) demographics (B) map-making (C) spatial orientation (D) congnitive imagery (E) spatial decision making
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(B) map-making
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Slash-and-burn agriculture meets all of the following conditions EXCEPT (A) it occurs mainly in tropical environments (B) it is associated with deforestation in Brazil (C) it is part of the Green Revolution (D) it was practiced sustainably by indigenous peoples (E) it is uncommon in the temperate latitudes
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(C) it is part of the Green Revolution
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A population pyramid (A) shows the age and sex structure of a population (B) cannot be used to compare two different countries (C) demonstrates the demographic transition model (D) only accurately depicts declining populations (E) is most useful in illustrating social upheaval
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(A) shows the age and sex structure of a population
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The pleistocene overkill theory argues that (A) hearths of early agriculture resulted from environmental conditions (B) geographers have overemphasized the importance of environmental conditions in human history (C) poor environmental management resulted in the ecological collapese of the Fertile Crescent (D) current human geography is not a product of the distant past (E) hunter-gathers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age
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(E) hunter-gathers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age
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In an address to the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development, India Argued that, although population growth has placed pressure on the world's natural resources, ______ by industrialized nations has also had extreme consequences for environmental quality (A) fiscal policy (B) material consumption (C) tourism (D) international aid (E) racism
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(B) material consumption
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Geographical research that applies only to one place or region is (A) nomothetic (B) denominational (C) idiographic (D) nonscientific (E) cultural studies
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(C) idiographic
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Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian hunter-gatherers to reach the tip of South America after their initial arrival in Alaska? (A) 500 years (B) 2,000 years (C) 5,000 years (D) 20,000 years (E) 40,000 years
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(B) 2,000 years
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The demographic accounting equation computes future population as a function of current population: (A) + births - infant mortality + emigration (B) + births - deaths x life expectancy (C) + births - deaths + immigration - emigration (D) births/deaths - immigration + emigration (E) + immigration - emigration x demographic transition
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(C) + births - deaths + immigration + emigration
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Longitude is (A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian (B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England (C) the angular distance north or south of the equator (D) useful in determining relative location (E) useful in describing a place's situation
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(B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
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The idea that our impressions and experiences of the world around us are filtered through the lens of our culture and our individual experiences, which critiques the sort of scientific, universalist grand theories offered by modernists is called (A) postmodernism (B) ecofeminism (C) consumptionism (D) reductionism (E) possitivism
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(A) postmodernism
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The religious practices of some Native American groups combine elements both from their traditional religion and from Christianity. This is an example of (A) a cultural complex (B) a cultural confluence (C) a counter culture (D) a diametric culture (E) a cultural syncretism
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(E) a cultural syncretism
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The demographic transition model posits that (A) advanced industrialized countries will have rapid population growth (B) pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates (C) countries with high levels of economic production will have lower birth rates (D) underdeveloped countries cannot become developed (E) time is the dominant force behind population change
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(C) countries with high levels of economic production will have lower birth rates
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One important consequence of cultural extinction is (A) decreasing population (B) increased poverty in peripheral regions (C) loss of genetic diversity (D) loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems (E) increasing population
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(D) loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems
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_____ maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while ______ maps display one or more variables across a specific space. (A) Reference ... thematic (B) Thematic ... reference (C) Spatial ... cartographic (D) Cartographic ... spatial (E) Topologic ... choropleth
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(A) Reference ... thematic
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Which of the following religions originated in northern India and then spread across central and southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Japan? (A) Hinduism (B) Buddhism (C) Islam (D) Taoism (E) Judaism
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(B) Buddhism
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States with federal forms of government must also have (A) territorial organization (B) fascist regimes (C) social-democracies (D) proportional representation (E) congressional oversight
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(A) territorial organization
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In the world systems model, the core nations of the world are (A) situated in the present-day Middle East (B) located in the prosperous southern continents (C) located mainly in Europe and North America (D) located in the former Soviet republics (E) located in the heartland, not the rimland
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(C) located mainly in Europe and North America
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The study of the interaction between human cultures and natural ecosystems is called (A) cultural ecology (B) semiotics (C) cognitive science (D) linguistics (E) sociobiology
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(A) cultural ecology
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Balkanization may result from all of the following factors EXCEPT (A) ethnic divisions (B) varying levels of economic development within a country (C) external pressures (D) centripetal forces (E) a strong central government
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(E) a strong central government
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Which of the following is true about language extinctions? (A) They happen suddenly and without warning (B) They are usually the result of genocide (C) There could be several thousand over the next century (D) They are increasingly rare (E) They are unrelated to cultural imperialism
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(C) There could be several thousand over the next century
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_____ involves the economic and political domination of one state by another, while ______ includes official, institutionalized government rule. (A) Regionalism ... sectionalism (B) Sectionalism ... regionalism (C) Imperialism ... colonialism (D) Colonialism ... imperialism (E) Nationalism ... isolationism
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(C) imperialism ... colonialism
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Sources of forced migration include (A) complementarity and individual choice (B) economic opportunities and religious freedom (C) political unrest and ecological degradation (D) the draw of a pleasant climate (E) familial ties in another country
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(C) political unrest and ecological degradation
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The disproportionate siting of power plants and waste disposal facilities in African-American and Latino neighborhood-independent of other economic and historical factors-is an example of (A) postmaterialism (B) environmental racism (C) deindustrialization (D) environmental justice (E) ecological inferiority
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(B) environmental racism
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In a 1995 plebiscite, the Canadian province of Quebec sought which of the following? (A) Electoral reapportionment (B) Economic freedom (C) Unitary standing (D) self-determination (E) Membership in the United Nations
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(D) Self-determination
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Advanced economic countries, like the United States, may produce more pollution than less economically advanced countries because (A) they consume more resources (B) they are less concerned about the environment (C) they desire global domination (D) they have more resources to begin with (E) they lack waste management technology
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(A) they consume more resources
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Latitude is (A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian (B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England (C) the angular distance north or south of the equator (D) useful in deterniming relative location (E) a measure of social or political freedom
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(C) the angular distance north or south of the equator
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Primary economic activities involve (A) the transformation and assembly of raw materials (B) the sale and exchange of goods and services (C) the handling and processing of information (D) research and development (E) the direct extraction or harvest of natural resources
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(E) the direct extraction or harvest of natural resources
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According to Thomas Malthus, _____ grows arithmetically, but _____ grows geometrically. (A) population ... food production (B) passion between the sexes ... willingness to have sex (C) food production ... population (D) technology ... environmental impact (E) population ... technology
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(C) food production ... population
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Since 1960, the difference between per capita Gross National Products of the world's wealthiest countries and the world's poorest countries has (A) remained about the same (B) decreased somewhat (C) decreased dramatically (D) increased dramatically (E) increased slightly
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(D) increased dramatically
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In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population and distance (A) are inversely related (B) are directly related (C) each have multiple measures (D) do not affect the final solution (E) vary significantly
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(A) are inversely related
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Core-periphery patterns exist within countries as well as among them. In the United States, economic peripheries include (A) New England and the Great Basin (B) southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley (C) the northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest (D) the Desert Southwest and Great Lakes (E) the Rust Belt
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(B) southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley
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Agricultural techniques developed in the temperate latitudes are frequently inappropriate for wet tropical climates because rainforest soils tend to be (A) poorly drained (B) nutrient-rich (C) nutrient-poor (D) salinized (E) sandy
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(C) nutrient-poor
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All choropleth maps use (A) shading and coloring (B) isolines (C) dots (D) graphs and charts (E) the Mercator projection
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(A) shading and coloring
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Hearths of early Eurasian agriculture were generally located (A) in Mediterranean climates (B) on the moist, windward side of mountain ranges (C) in fertile river valleys (D) along the coast (E) at high latitudes and altitudes
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(C) in fertile river valleys
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The aggregate measure of economic development that accounts for the depreciation of capital and natural resources is called the (A) Gross National Product (B) Gross Domestic Product (C) Net National Product (D) Human Development Index (E) Gender Empowerment Index
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(C) Net National Product
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The Kurds are an example of an ethnic group that (A) has a stable and prosperous nation (B) has reconized an antecedent boundary between Iraq and Jordan (C) has historical homelands spanning many national borders (D) does not want to live in an independent country (E) has disappeared due to cultural extintion
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(C) has historical homeland spanning many national borders
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Which of the following is an example of an edge city? (A) Anchorage, Alaska (B) Seattle, Washington (C) Boston, Massachusetts (D) Tyson's Corner, Virginia (E) Las Vegas, Nevada
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(D) Tyson's Corner, Virginia
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Von Thunen's model of rural land use is based on which of the following premises? (A) Land values decrease farther from the urban center (B) Land values increase farther from the urban center (C) Perishable goods are least valuable (D)Railroads provide fixed transportation costs (E) Vegetarianism is socially beneficial
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(A) Land values decrease farther from the urban center
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Washington, D.C.'s Lincoln Memorial and Mall, with their dramatic neoclassical architecture and symbolic references to democracy and populism, are associated with (A) modernism (B) revisionism (C) pluralism (D) postmodernism (E) the City beautiful movement
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(E) the City beautiful movement
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The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and services they offer, is called (A) metropolitan area theory (B) sector theory (C) central place theory (D) urban matrix theory (E) the rank-size rule
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(C) central place theory
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The city of San Francisco is known for which of the following? (A) Beaux arts architecture (B) Early 20th century modernism (C) 19th century Victorian architecture (D) Its balmyclimate (E) Postmodern architecture
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(C) 19th century Victorian architecture
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The geographic differentiation between the colonizing countries of Europe North America, and eastern Asia and the colonized states of Africa and South America has been called (A) the north/south divide (B) the Iron curtain (C) the east/west divide (E) the western front
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(A) the north/south divide
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Which city's dense urban core became the "birthplace of the skyscraper"? (A) New York (B) Tokyo (C) Sao Paulo (D) Paris (E) Chicago
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(E) Chicago
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The greatest concentration of linguistic diversity on earth is in (A) Amazonia (B) the Congo (C) Madagascar (D) New Guinea (E) Mexico
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(D) New Guinea
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By 2020, most of the world's biggest cities will be located in (A) Western Europe (B) Russia (C) South America (D) Asia (E) Africa
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(D) Asia
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______ is strategically located on the border between two continents, and at the intersection of many cultures and religions. (A) Istanbul, Turkey (B) Lagos, Nigeria (C) Mexico City, Mexico (D) Karachi, pakistan (E) Berlin, Germany
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(A) Istanbul, Turkey
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Cartographic scale refers to (A) the size of an object in the real world (B) the number of different objects depicted on the map (C) the projection (D) the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground (E) angular distance from the equator
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(D) the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground
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Which of the following factors is most responsible for the dramatic demographic collapse of Native Americans during the Colonial Period? (A) The slave trade (B) Eurasian diseases (C) The hacienda system (D) Language extinction (E) Civil war
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(B) Eurasian diseases
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Primate cities are those that (A) are the seats of ecclesiastical power in a nation (B) are the national capitals (C) are disproportionately larger than other cities in a nation (D) were the first to be established in a new colony (E) are inhabited by monkeys and apes
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(C) Are disproportionately larger than other cities in a nation
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Hearth regions of early agriculture included present-day (A) China, India, Turkey, and Mexico (B) China, India, Sudan, Malaysia (C) India, Ethiopia, Greece, and Morocco (D) Anatolia, Peru, Borneo, and Hanalee (E) California, Illinois, New Brunswick, and Ireland
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(A) China, India, Turkey, and Mexico
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The term _____ describes a group of people with a common ethnic identity that is spread out over a large geographic area (A) "caste" (B) "sect" (C) "diaspora" (D) "race" (E) "cultural complex"
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(C) "diaspora"
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The National Geographic Society uses the Robinson projection for many of its maps because (A) it is the only perfectly proportioned projection (B) it fits on the pages (C) it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing (D) it orients the united states in the center of the world (E) it sells at the newsstands
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(C) it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing
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Which of the following does NOT qualify as a Protestant denomination? (A) Presbyterianism (B) Methodism (C) Catholicism (D) Southern Baptist (E) Lutheran
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(C) Catholicism
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During the 1980s and 1990s, Santa Monica, California became significantly wealthier and more expensive. This Process is referred to as (A) escalation (B) gentrification (C) urban zonation (D) reallotment (E) reification
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(B) gentrification
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Which of the following regions experienced rapid industrial growth during the early 20th century, followed by a severe decline and difficult period of economic readjustment? (A) The mid-Atlantic (B) The Great Plains (C) South Florida (D) The Great Lakes (E) The Great Plains
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(D) The Great Lakes
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Which of the following qualifies as a primate city? (A) Toronto, Canada (B) Cape Town, South Africa (C) Jerusalem, Israel (D) Mexico City, Mexico (E) Phoenix, Arizona
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(D) Mexico City, Mexico
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Geographic information systems use ______ to display multiple spatial data sets (A) thematic layers (B) cartograms (C) remotely sensed images (D) dot maps (E) isolines
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(A) thematic layers
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Break-of-bulk points are (A) places where natural hazards prohibit spatial interaction (B) uniform throughout space and time (C) hindrances to global economic development (D) sites where goods are transferred for continued shipping (E) cities that offer the largest markets for any given good or service
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(D) sites where goods are transferred for continued shipping
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The process by which one ethnic group becomes integrated into a larger culture is called (A) articulation (B) ossification (C) assimilation (D) syncretism (E) a melting pot
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(C) assimilation
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The _____ will increase over the next decade, as baby boomers reach old age and are no longer able to work and provide for themselves (A) poverty line (B) population pyramid (C) arithmetic density (D) dependency ratio (E) doubling time
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(D) dependency ratio
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When the crude birth rate is higher than the crude death rate, the difference between the two is called the (A) total fertility rate (B) replacement rate (C) natural increase (D) natural decrease (E) life expectancy
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(C) natural increase
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Maps like the one shown here are referred to as (A) perceptual regions (B) false maps (C) nodes (D) cognitive maps (E) functional regions
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(A) perceptual regions
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In Rostow's stages of development model, economic maturity is characterized by (A) sustainability (B) high mass consumption (C) gender empowerment (D) high per capita incomes (E) gross national happiness
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(B) high mass consumption
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According to public opinion polls, more than 80% of Americans consider themselves "environmentalists." Which of the following could you logically conclude from this information? (A) The American environment is on the verge of collapse (B) American are poorly informed on scientific issues (C) Americans are becoming increasingly liberal in their political views (D) Most Americans consider environmental issue to be important (E) On average, Americans are more politically liberal than Europeans
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(D) Most Americans consider environmental issues to be important
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Which of the following is true based on the map of global voluntary migration flows shown here? (A) Europe is experiencing significant out migration (B) Colombians are leaving their homeland (C) Climate is a significant pull factor (D) ASians from a variety of countries are moving to the United States (E) Australians are global wanderers
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(D) Asians from a variety of countries are moving to the United States
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Religious fundamentalism (A) appears to be on the rise in many part of the world (B) is limited to the Middle East (C) is limited to the Deep South (D) is decreasing globally (E) is a serious political issue in Western Europe
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(A) appears to be on the rise in many parts of the world
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great metropolises of the developing world? (A) They contain both great wealth and tremendous poverty (B) Many retain architectural elements of their colonial past (C) Most have squatter settlements on their outskirts (D) Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollution (E) They house an increasing proportion of the world's population
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(D) Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollution
