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China compared to India and the ancient Middle East

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had little contact with people in Eurasia

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The first Chinese Dynasty to have writing, cities, and metalworking was

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Shang

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The dominant type of soil in the Yellow River basin is loess, best defined as

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loose, wind driven soil easy to till

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What was the predominant agricultural activity in the Yangzi river basin

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rice farming

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Agriculture has been practiced in China since about

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10,000 B.C.E.

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Of the several Neolithic regional cultures that emerged the pottery of the northwest can be described as

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red with black decorations

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Neolithic cultures in China King to share many customs of how to treat the dead including

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the use of coffins and burials

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Anyang was

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the seat of Shang government for more than 2 centuries

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Palaces, temples, and altars in Anyang were built

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rammed earth foundations

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Why were many of the homes at Anyang built partly below the ground

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to conserve heat

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Texts found in Shang Royal tombs at Anyang show that Shang kings were

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warriors

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One of the most important sources of the Shane came as well was from the sale of slaves who were often

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war captives

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Shing Warriors used weapons made of

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bronze

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Beginning in 1200 B.C.E. what new technology entered China

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chariots

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The Shang king

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Serves as high priest

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Underground tombs built for Shang kings

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revealed the practice of human sacrifice

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Those people who volunteered to be buried with deceased kings and consorts usually had what with them

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grave goods

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Most Shang farmers used tools made of

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stone

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One new crop introduced in China from West Asia during the Shang period was

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wheat

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The development of more complex forms of social organization in Shang China coincided with the mastery of

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metalworking

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The majority of recovered bronze objects from the Shang dynasty are

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rituals vessels

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The predominant images on Shang bronze decorations are

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wild animals

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In the images found on Shang bronzes, the cicada might represent

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rebirth in the spiritual realm

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In Shang culture, the taotie was a

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stylized animal face image

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In 1986, in the western province of Sichuan, archaeologists discovered a culture contemporary with the Shang that also produced

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bronze

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There is clear evidence of Chinese writing by 1200 bce, in what kind of text?

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divination

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The written Chinese language

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Was a major ally of power and rule

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In the Chinese logographic system of writing

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each word was represented by a single symbol

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Communication between China, Vietnam, and Japan was facilitated by the use of

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the same written characters

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One of the enemies of the Shang, the Qiang, probably spoke an early version of which language?

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Tibetan

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The Zhou rose up and overthrew the Shang in about

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1050 B.C.E.

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The Zhou sacrificed to their ancestors as the Shang had done, and also to

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Heaven

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A ruler retains the mandate of heaven as long as he

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rules in the best interest of the people

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The Zhou mandate of heaven theory might have been created to

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win over the conquered Shang

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In order to rule their newly conquered kingdom, the Zhou kings relied upon

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loyal family members and others appointed as territorial lords

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In 771 bce, a Zhou king was killed, replaced by his son, and the capital moved to

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Luoyang

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What is the best definition of Shi in relation to Zhou society

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Lower ranking aristocrats

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Social ties were forged and maintained in Zhou society by performing what kind of rituals?

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sacrifices to ancestors

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The best source for understanding everyday life at various social levels in the early Zhou is

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the Book of Songs

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What is the best definition of the term concubine in relation to Zhou China

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legal spouses who ranked lower than the wife

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Hiers to the Zhou king were

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whichever son the king chose

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Economic expansion in the early Zhou period was promoted by the development of

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iron technology

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One Shang religious practice that became less common in the Zhou period

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Burying the living with the dead

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One of the areas in which the Chu state challenged the authority of the Zhou was

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religion

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Around 350 bce, Chinese military technology developed the

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crossbow

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Around 350 bce, Chinese soldiers began wearing armor that was largely made from

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leather

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The need for a chariot-riding aristocracy was ended by the introduction of

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cavalry

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During the Warring States Era, China was the first culture to use what kind of names?

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family names

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In the Art of War, master Sun argued that

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orders by commanders must be followed without question

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How did the seven states that emerged out of the Warring States Era compare with the Zhou state

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they were more centralized than the Zhou

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