Ap Human Geography Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcard
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Human Development Index (HDI)
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Created by the United Nations to recognize a country's level of development as function of three factors: economic, social, and demographic factors
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Less Developed Country (LDC)
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Country in an earlier stage of development. Several analysts prefer the term "developing country"
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Literacy Rate
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Percentage of a country's people who can read and write
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Millennium Development Goals
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Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015.
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More Developed Country (MDC)
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Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum
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Primary Sector
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Where workers extract materials from Earth through agriculture, and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry; the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry
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Productivity
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Value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it
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Secondary Sector
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Portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing the process, transformation, and assembly of raw materials into useful products
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Structural adjustment program
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Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services.
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Tertiary Sector
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Portion of the economy concerned with the transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment
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Transnational corporation
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A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
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Value Added
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Gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials and energy
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Active solar energy systems
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Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat plate collectors.
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Adolescent fertility rate
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Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19
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Biomass Fuel
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Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste
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Breeder reactor
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Nuclear power plant that creates fuel from plutonium
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Demand
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Quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy
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Developed Country
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Country that has progressed relatively far
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Developing country
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Country in early stage of economic development
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Fair Trade
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Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay fair workers fair wages, permit union organization, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.
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Female labor force participation rate
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Percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home
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Fission
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Splitting of an atomic nucleus to create energy
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
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Investment made by a country in the economy of another country
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Fossil Fuel
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Energy source formed from the residue of plants and animal fossils
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Fracking
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Pumping of high pressure water to break rocks and release natural gas
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Fusion
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Energy formed by joining nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium
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Gender Inequality Index
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A measure of each country's gender inequality
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Geothermal Energy
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Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks
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Gross domestic product
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Value of total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period
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Gross national income
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The value of output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country
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Housing Bubble
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A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value
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Human development index
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An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the UN, that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy
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Hydroelectric power
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Power generated by moving water
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Inequality-adjusted HDI
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Modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country
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Literacy rate
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Percentage of a country's people who can read and write
