question

Political Geography

answer

How people in specific locations around the world have organize themselves into distinctive political groups, and how they influence and interact with each other.

question

State

answer

An area organized into a political unit and rules by an established government that had control over its internal and foreign affairs.

question

Sovereignty

answer

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

question

Nation

answer

A large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country to territory.

question

Multinational State

answer

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determinism that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

question

Immigrant States

answer

A type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants.

question

Nation-State

answer

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.

question

Stateless Nation

answer

A nationality that is not represented by a state.

question

Territoriality

answer

A country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment towards its territory.

question

Raison d'étre

answer

The most important reason or purpose for someone or something's existence.

question

City-State

answer

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediately surrounding countryside.

question

Self-Determinism

answer

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

question

Irredentism

answer

Any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a lost homeland.

question

Enclave

answer

A portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct.

question

Exclave

answer

A portion of territory of one state completely surrounded by territory or another or others, as viewed by the home territory.

question

Buffer State

answer

A country lying between two rival or potential hostile greater powers.

question

Satellite State

answer

A country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.

question

Natural/Physical Boundaries

answer

Boundaries that are made by important physical features on Earth's surface.

question

Enthnographic/Cultural Boundaries

answer

Boundaries between states that coincide with differences in ethnicity, especially language and religion.

question

Geometric Boundaries

answer

Straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences.

question

Relic Boundaries

answer

They no longer exist as international boundaries.

question

Boundary Landscape

answer

A treaty-like, legal sounding document is drawn up in which actual points in the landscape are described.

question

Frontier

answer

An area not yet full integrated into a politically organized area.

question

Manifest Destiny

answer

A policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable.

question

Antecedent Boundary

answer

A political boundary that existed before a cultural landscape emerged and stayed in a place while people moved into occupy the surroundings.

question

Subsequent Boundary

answer

A political boundary that developed contemporaneously with the evolution of the major elements of cultural landscape.

question

Superimposed Boundary

answer

A political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape.

question

Definition Phase in Boundary Creation

answer

Phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described an negotiated.

question

Delimitation Phase in Boundary Creation

answer

The translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty into an official cartography representation.

question

Demarcation Phase in Boundary Creation

answer

Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means

question

Administration Phase of Boundary Creation

answer

A phase in which a government enforces the boundary it has created.

question

Definitional Boundary Dispute

answer

Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract.

question

Positional/Locational Boundary Dispute

answer

Territorial dispute along the edge of two neighborhood land owners.

question

Territorial Boundary Disputes

answer

Any dispute over land ownership.

question

Resource/Allocational Boundary Disputes

answer

Dispute over land and resources.

question

Operational/Functional Boundary Disputes

answer

Boundaries that move according to operations or functions.

question

Unitary States

answer

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.

question

Federal State

answer

An internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local governments.

question

Confederation

answer

The act of forming an alliance or confederation.

question

Territorial Morphology

answer

A State's physical shape.

question

Fragmented State

answer

A state that is not contagious whole but rather separated parts.

question

Elongated State

answer

A state whose territory is load and narrow in shape.

question

Compact State

answer

A state that possesses a wrought circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.

question

Prorupt (Protruded) State

answer

A type of territorial shape that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory.

question

Perforated State

answer

A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.

question

Microstate/Ministrate

answer

A state or territory that is small in both size and population.

question

Core Area

answer

A region in the home range that is used frequently.

question

Periphery Area

answer

The outer regions or boundaries of an area.

question

Capital

answer

Principle city in a state or country.

question

Forward-Thrust Capital

answer

Capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.

question

Nationalism

answer

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.

question

National Iconography

answer

Figural representations, either individual or symbolic, religious or secular; more broadly, the art of representation by pictures or images, which may or may not have a symbolic as well as an apparent or superficial meaning.

question

Centripetal Forces

answer

An attitude that tend to unify people and enhance support for a state.

question

Centrifugal Forces

answer

A force that divides people and countries.

question

Balkanization

answer

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

question

Devolution

answer

The process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality.

question

Regionalism

answer

The loyalty to the interests of a particular region.

question

Nunavut

answer

An arctic territory in northern Canada created in 1999 and governed solely by the Inuit.

question

Ethnic Conflict

answer

A type f conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country.

question

Shatterbelt

answer

A region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals.

question

Reunification

answer

The act of coming together again.

question

Supranationalism

answer

A venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives.

question

United Nation

answer

An organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security.

question

European Union

answer

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.

question

Organization of American States (OAS)

answer

An international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States.[1] Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. It is the world's oldest regional organization.

question

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

answer

A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.

question

Median-Line Principle

answer

Lines made to distribute water ways when states are within 200 miles of each other.

question

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

answer

As established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a zone of exploitation extending 200 nautical miles (370km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it.

question

Geopolitics

answer

The study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the states.

question

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

answer

An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security.

question

Warsaw Pact

answer

Treaty signed in 1950 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

question

Iron Curtain

answer

An impenetrable barrier of communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and security. Made by Winston Churchill

question

Electoral Geography

answer

The study of the interactions among space, place and region and the conduct and results of elections.

question

Suffrage

answer

A legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution.

question

Women's Enfranchisement

answer

The right of voting when given to women.

question

Annexation

answer

The formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation.

question

Gerrymander

answer

An act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage).

question

Reapportionment

answer

A new apportionment (especially a reallotment of congressional seats in the United States on the basis of census results).

question

Domino theory

answer

The political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

question

Geopolitical Theory (Organic Theory/Ratzel's Theory)

answer

The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.

question

Mackinder's Heartland Theory

answer

Sir Halford John Mackinder was a British geographer who wrote a paper in 1904 called "The Geographical Pivot of History." Mackinder's paper suggested that the control of Eastern Europe was vital to control of the world. He formulated his hypothesis as: Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world Mackinder's Heartland (also known as the Pivot Area) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both Europe and Asia).

question

Spykman's Rimland Theory

answer

(in class)

question

Cleavage Model

answer

A political-geographical model suggesting that persistent regional patterns in voting behavior, sometimes leading to separatism, can usually be explained in terms of tensions ptting urban against rural, core against periphery, capitalists against workers, and power group against minority culture.

question

Imperialism

answer

Any instance of aggressive extension of authority.

question

Colonialism

answer

The exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one.

question

Treaty Ports

answer

Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality.

question

Conference of Berlin (1884)

answer

Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies.

question

Decolonization

answer

The action of changing from colonial to independent status.

question

Dependency Theory

answer

The notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

question

Neo-Colonialism

answer

The geopolitical practice of using capitalism, business globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a country, in lieu of either direct military control (imperialism) or indirect political control (hegemony).

question

Global Commons

answer

Those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries.

question

Antarctica

answer

It is the largest land mass in the world not part of a sovereign state. Territorial claims are suspended on Antarctica.

question

Land-Locked State

answer

A state that is surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land.

question

Theocracy

answer

The belief in government by divine guidance.

question

Terrorism

answer

The calculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature.

question

Political Ecology

answer

The study of the relationships between political, economic and social factors with environmental issues and changes.

question

Sharia Law

answer

The body of Islamic law.

Ap Human Geography Chapter 7 Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards