AP Human Geography Chapter 5- Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality – Flashcards
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Gender
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Social differences between men and women. rather than the anatomical, biological differences between the sexes. What is considered "feminine" or "masculine" vary over time and space
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Identity
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How wer make sence of ourselves; how people see themselves at different scales.
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Identifying Against
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Constructing an identity by first defining the "other" and then defining ourselves as "not the other."
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Race
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A categorization of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics. Racial categories are social and political construction because they are based on ideas that some biological differences (esp. skin color) are more important than others (e.g. height, etc), even though the later might have more significance in terms of human activity. With its roots in 16th century England, the term is closely associated with European colonialism because of the impact of the development on global understandings of racial differences.
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Racism
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Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.
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Residential Segregation
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Defined by Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton as "the degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of the urban environment."
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Succession
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Process by which new immigrants to a city move to and dominate or take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrants groups. For example, in the early twentieth century, Pueto Ricans "invaded" the immigrant Jewish neighborhood of East Harlem and successfully took over the neighborhood or "succeeded" the immigrant Jewish population as the dominant immigrant group in the neighborhood.
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Sence of Place
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state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character
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Ethnicity
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Affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture.
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Space
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Defined by Doreen Massey and Pat Jess as "social relations stretched out"
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Place
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Uniqueness of a location
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Gendered
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in terms of a place, whether the place is designed for or claimed by men or women
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Queer Theory
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Theory defined by geographers Glen Elder and Lawrence Knopp, and Heidi Nast that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the poitical engagement of "queers" with the heteronormative
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Dowry Deaths
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In the context of arranged marriages in India, disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom have, in some extreme cases, led to the death of a bride.
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Barrioization
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Defined by geographer James Curtis as the dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood
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Ethocentrism
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Habit of evaluating other cultures, customs, beliefs, practices according to the limited perspective of one's own culture.
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Hispanic
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Before 2000 was a race, which confused.
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Eveness, Exposure, concentration, centralized, and clustered
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5 measurements of residential segregation
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Milwaukee
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Most segregated city in US
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75
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Percent of Americans in cities.
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White Flight
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When African Americans or others move in, whites leave.
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New
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Old immigrants move out and ___ move in
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Segregated US cities
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African Americans from South and and Latin American and Asians
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Blockbusting
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Estate agents and buildings developers encourage white property owners to sell houses at loss saying minorities moving in neighborhood are bringing down prices.
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Redlining
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Banks identifying poor districts where buildings decline and refuse to grant morgages for purchasing property.
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Mexican, Puerto Rican
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Two-thirds of Hispanics are this then this.
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Mississippi
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One-third of blacks live here
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Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Maryland
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One fourth of blacks live here
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California, Hawaii
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50 of Asian Americans are here and 40 here
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Southwest, Great Plains
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American Indians and Native Alaskans are here
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Latino
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2.2 million of this live in New York City.
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Examples of how laws affect immigration rights
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Jim Crow Laws, black codes, Chinese Exclusion Acts, 15th and 19th amendment.
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Domestic servants, child soldiers, forced marriage, debt slaves, human trafficking
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Examples of slavery.
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Human trafficking
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Forcing women and children into sex industries.
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South Asia, debt slaves
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Most slaves are found here and are this
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Apartheid
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From Afrikaans state of being apart system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party government who were the ruling party from 1948-1994.
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Genocide
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Deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic, racial, cast, religious or national group.
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Turkey Armenians, Iraq Kurds, Rwanda Tutsis, Sudan Darfur
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Examples of genocide
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East LA
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Région with 39 Hispanics in 1990 and 48 in 2010
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Asia and East Europe
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There's an increase of labor force everywhere except here.
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70
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Women produce this percent of food.
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Two-thirds
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Percentage of illiterate women
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Work at home, work on streets, prostitution
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Informal economy women turn to
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Urban areas
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AIDS are higher in this area.
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Refusing to enter arranged marriage, being in a non-approved relationship, having sex outside marriage, becoming victim of rape, dressing in inappropriate way, or being in a homosexualité relationship
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Victims of honor killings
