Ap Human Geography Chapter 3 Test Questions – Flashcards
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It is repetitive, or cyclical movements that are done daily or monthly
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What is circulation?
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When college students move to a dormitory each fall and return home the following spring
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What is an example seasonal mobility?
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economic opportunity, political opportunity, and environmental opportunity
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What are the three things people migrate for?
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The distance that migrants typically move, the reasons migrants move, and the characteristics of migrants
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What are the three groups that Ravenstein's laws can be organized in?
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Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky
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Who identified a migration transition?
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E.G. Ravenstein
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Who invented the migration laws?
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Demographic transition
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What is the migration transition based off of?
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International and Internal migration
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What are the two groups that migration is separated into?
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Voluntary and Forced migration
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What are the two groups that international migration is separated into?
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Interregional and Intraregional migration
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What are the two groups that internal migration is separated in?
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From rural to urban areas in search of jobs
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Where has the main type of interregional migration been?
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Within urban areas, from older cities to newer suburbs
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Where has the main type of intraregional migration been?
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About 9 percent
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What percent of the world's population are migrants
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From developing countries to developed countries
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What is the main global pattern of migrants?
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Net-out migration
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Asia, Latin America, and Africa have what kind of migration?
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Net-in migration
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North America, Europe, and Oceania (Australia, Fiji, etc.) have what kind of migration?
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United States
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What country has the most foreign-born residents?
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Colonial settlement in the seventeenth centuries, mass European immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Asian and Latin American immigration in the late twentieth and early twentieth-first centuries
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What are the three main eras of immigration?
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The Russians included higher wages, more paid holidays, and early retirement
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How did Russia encourage migration to the Far North-interregional migration?
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Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan
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What are the three western provinces of Canada that most interregional migrants flock to?
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They were headed for the manufacturing jobs that are found there
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Why have the Chinese emigrated from rural areas in the interior of the country?
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By moving its capital to from Rio to Brasília
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How has the Brazilian government encouraged migration of the Atlantic Coast residents?
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China
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What country has the least net-in migration?
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Economic opportunities which increased from 5 percent in 1800 to 50 percent in 1920 and 80 percent in 2010
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Migration from rural areas to urban areas is encouraged by?
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The American dream (a desired lifestyle), which is to live in a detached house rather than an apartment, surrounded by a private yard where children can play safely. A garage or driveway on the property guarantees space to park cars at no extra charge. Suburban classes tend to be more modern, better equipped, and safer than those in cities.
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Migration from urban areas to suburban areas is encouraged by?
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Primarily in the Rocky Mountain states- most prevalent in places rich in natural amenities
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Migration from urban areas to rural areas (counter urbanization) is usually found where?
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Economic, political , and environmental
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What are the three kinds of push and pull factors?
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Slavery
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What is an example of a political push
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Refugee, internally displaced person, and asylum seeker
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What are the three groups that the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) recognizes as forced political migrants
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Push factor: attractive environments Pull factor: adverse physical conditions
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What are examples of environmental push and pull factors?
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Water
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What is the main thing that makes an environmental push or pull factor?
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Gypsies
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What is an example of a guest worker
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The jobs that most citizens do not want to have are given to them and the reasons they take these jobs because if they were to do the same job in their own homeland they would have been given less money, so this is usually an easy, but a laborious job.
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What is the main reason countries allow migrant workers?
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Political factors because they are required to have a passport to legally emigrate from a country and a visa to legally immigrate to a new country
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What is the major obstacle faced by immigrants
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Family reunification, skilled workers, and diversity
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Because the number of applicants for admission to the United States far exceeds its quotas, Congress has set preferences which are?
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It contributes to a lack of skilled workers such as scientists, doctors, and other professionals which could provide more money income, but now provides their abilities to the country that they are going to instead
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What does a brain drain do to the country it happens in and going to?
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That males travel more and longer distances then women this held true for a long period of time until the 1990s when it reversed and women were the ones that constitute the 55 percent of migrants that did so. This reflects the changing role of women in the society.
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What was one of Ravenstein's laws that changed?
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About 40 percent of immigrants are young adults between the ages of 25 and 39, compared to about 23 percent of the entire U.S population; Immigration are less likely to be elderly people; only 5 percent of immigrants are over the age 65, compared to 12 percent of the entire U.S population; Children under 15 comprise 16 percent of immigrants, compared to 21 percent for the total U.S population. With the increase in women migrating to the United States, more children are coming with their mothers; Recent immigrants to the United have attended school for fewer years and are less likely to have high school diplomas than are U.S citizens. The typical authorized Mexican immigrant has attended school for four years, less than the average American but a year more than the average
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What are the usual age and education of migrants?
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Border patrol
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What is the main way Americans want to enforce the immigration laws
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They support the immigrants because they take jobs that no one wants, so they oppose the raids on immigrants to round them up and send them back to their home country
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How do Americans feel about immigrants?
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They favor letting law enforcement officials stopping and verifying the legal status of anyone, but they fear that their efforts to identify them and deport them violates the civil rights of U.S citizens
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How do Americans feel about the civil rights of the immigrants?
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They believe that it is the federal government's responsibility and do not support the use of local law enforcement officials to find unauthorized immigrants
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How do Americans feel about the local initiatives of immigrants?
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Arizona: under their law the immigrants must have all of their documents proving that they are legally in the country
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What state shows the strongest initiative to obligate the local law enforcement officials?
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"Sanctuary City"
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What movement is trying to be passed to support more rights for unauthorized immigrants?
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It is fueled by immigration from other regions of the world, a trend dislike by many Europeans
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What is Europe's main reason for population growth?
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Germany for economic reasons
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A lot of immigrants from Eastern Europe came from what country and why?
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Immigrants
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Who do political parties blame for crime, unemployment, and welfare cost on?
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They fear that because they have different languages, religions, and cultural habits that they will lose their cultural heritage
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What do most Europeans fear that immigrants will do/
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They used to be the source of the world's leading source of immigrants , because of this emigration, Indo-European languages are now spoken by half of the world's people. Christianity has the world's largest number of adherents. European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have also diffused throughout the world
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Europeans hate of immigrants is especially ironic because of what?
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Slightly south and to the west
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What is the direction that the median moves every year?
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They don't want it to happen, so they don't allow them to stay there, and most people say that it is too expensive for the court process for immigrants
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How do Australians feel about Asians wanting to move there?
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They are the people from the north who retire and move to places like Florida to live
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What are snow birds?
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They do agricultural work , but they are seasonal workers that follow the agricultural cycle- this is also an example of circulation
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Describe the jobs of migrants?
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Forced immigration: He was the one who took over Cambodia in 1970 and all the cities were deserted for about 20 years and he made everyone help one another and there was never any opposition because then they were immediately killed.
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Who is Pol Pot?
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The Nazis killing the Jews because they had synagogues showing their victory and torture of the Jews. Another one happened in South Sudan where there were Muslim people who killed towns of 100 people for over 15 years
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What is an example of a genocide?
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Because there is less of a cultural shock
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Why is it that people move a lot more from urban areas to rural areas?
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It raised global quotas to roughly 675,000
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What did the Immigration Act do in 1990?
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It made visas more accessible because it was issued preferentially: 140,000 to relatives of the people with special skills; 55,000 to diversity candidates' education (i.e mostly those not from Latin America or Asia, but from Africa and Europe)
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What did the Immigration Act do in 1995?
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Jobs and retirement
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Most people move for what?
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Mexico
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Where do the most legal immigrants come from?
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Mexico
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Where do the most illegal immigrants come from?
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Chicago, Miami, New York, and Los Angeles
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Once immigrants get into the U.S where do they usually go?
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For corporate jobs- Wal-Mart
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Why would people move into Arkansas?
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The U.S Southwest (Mexican farm workers) and in Western Europe (Eastern Europe farm workers
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Where is circulation migration common?
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Britain
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Up to 1840 where did most of the immigrants come from?
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Ireland because of the potato famine and Germany. During the 1900s: Italians, Russians, Austria Hungary (Czech, Poland, Romania, etc.)
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During the 1840s to the 1930s where did the immigrants come from?
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Asians and Latin America; declining Europeans. Asians: China, India: 1980-1990s: Philippines, Vietnam, and South Korea. Latin America: Mexico, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Cuba, and Haiti
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During the 1950s where did the immigrants come from?
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Ethnic neighborhoods: Mexicans: California, Texas, Illinois, New Year; Caribbean: Florida or New York; Chinese and Indians: New York and California; other Asians: California
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What is usually the result of chain migration
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Slaves, refugees, military conscription, children of migrants, situations of divorce or separation.
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Name some examples of forced migration?
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Yes, because they are illegal in Nigeria
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Are homosexuals and gays considered refugees?
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West Indies and Brazil
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Where did most of the slaves go?
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The Cherokee/ Native Americans Europeanized and then Jackson gets a law passed to take over their land and send them to Oklahoma, but a lot of people died- Forced migration
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What is the Trail of Tears of 1838?
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Because the British outlawed or abolished slavery
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In 1801 to 1805 why was there not a lot slaves anymore?
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1930 to 1940: they were mostly in the South and then moved North for industries and get paid more-economic- for freedom, and for war stuff- they are getting paid more, but not as much as the Whites 1990: second wave of African Americans
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Explain the Voluntary immigration of the African Americans?
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Less developed countries
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Where does urbanization mostly occur?
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During this time period the people were mostly hunters and gatherers and because of this they had a high daily or seasonal mobility in search of food. Even though no country is in this situation today. An example is that during certain seasons there may be blueberries, but when they do not they have to move south for blackberries
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Describe stage 1 of the Migration Transition?
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Move internationally or interregional from rural areas to urban areas for economic opportunities, such as when the Chinese workers move into cities for factory jobs
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Describe stage 2 of the Migration Transition?
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There is a high international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs. People in stage 2 go here for economic opportunities. An example is when people from Guatemala go to Mexico then to the U.S's cities.
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Describe stage 3 & 4 of the Migration Transition?
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Because they don't have enough money, so they choose to take local transportation vehicles which are cheaper. While Asians tend to have more money and more people to help them.
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Why is it that Latin Americans go to the U.S, but Asians can be found anywhere?
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They don't want to give them green cards, but want to make them citizens and the Republicans are trying to address that it will cost a lot of money
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What do the Democrats want to do with the immigrants?
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Because a majority of them are Latinos and they will vote according to how they are treated
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Why are the Republicans trying to help the 11.9 million unauthorized immigrants even though they wanted to arrest them before?
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Europe, but during the 1860s to 1870s it was Turkey and Africa and they do not want them anymore because the economy changed and they don not need them anymore
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Where are guest workers usually found?
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"Boat people": In 1975 North Vietnam is advancing to Saigon and to Ho Chi Minh City. The U.S are leaving and the Vietnamese people are trying to get to the U.S Embassy, so that they could escape.
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What are the people of Vietnam called?
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Because if they allowed them onto the ship there would be too many immigrants for them to accept. There was a mass migration then in the 1980s there were allowed to stay.
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Why didn't President Gerard Ford allow the Vietnamese people onto the boat?
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They were trying to take over Hong Kong. The Chinese rented Macau to Portugal as a trading a port and they have lots of crimes because they have a lot of casinos.
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In 1999 what were the Chinese people doing?
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Because the Cubans are considered refugees and they say that the Haitians are only coming here for the economy, but most them are trying to get here to "get away" from their own government. They also allow them to come here because the Cuban Americans are a very strong political party
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Why is it that the U.S helps the Cubans, but not the Haitians
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Guantanamo Bay which they received from the Spanish American War
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What territory does the United States own in Cuba?
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Place terrorists there because according to the immigration policy when we send them back to their homeland, their country does not want them anymore, so we just place them in jail at Guantanamo Bay
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What do they use Guantanamo Bay for?
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They usually emigrate from Mexico, have kids who become legal citizens of the United States, the duration of residency in the United States has been increasing, a lot of the immigrants are employed in the United States, and California & Texas have the largest amount of unauthorized immigrants
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What are some characteristics of unauthorized immigrants?
