Ap Human Geography Chapter 3 Test – Flashcards
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Emigration
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Movement of individuals out of an area
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Immigration
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Movement of individuals into a population
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Cyclic Movement
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repetitive movement in a short periods of time (back-and-forth movement) ex) commuting/seasonal movement
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periodic movement
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Migration involving temporary, recurrent relocation. Ex: military service, college, etc.
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Migration
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A movement from one country or region to another; permanent relocation
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Activity Space
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The space within which daily activity occurs.
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Nomadism
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Movement among a definite set of places- often cyclic movement
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Transhumance
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The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
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International/Transnational Migration
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Permanent movement from one country to another.
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Internal Migration
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Migration within a country
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Forced Migration
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The migration event in which individuals are forced to leave a country against their will.
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Voluntary Migration
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migrant chooses to move and where to move to; usually for economic reasons
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human trafficking
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forced movement of people within or between countries
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laws of migration
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developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, 5 laws that predict the flow of migrants 1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter migration 2. The majority of migrants move a shorter distance 3. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas 4. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big city destinations 5. Families are less likely to make international movement than young adults
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Gravity Model
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Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them.
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push factor
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Factors that induce people to leave old residences.
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pull factor
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positive attractions of the migration destination
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distance decay
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the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction. More likely to have perceptions of nearer places than farther ones
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step migration
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The series of small moves of a migrant to reach a destination (village, town, city, metropolis)
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Intervening Opportunity
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An attraction at a shorter distance that takes precedence over an attraction that is farther away
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deportation
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An official order telling someone to leave a country; expulsion
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kinship links
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deciding to migrate to a place because a family member or friend has found success there
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chain migration
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The part of a migrant flow (usually relatives and friends) that follows former migrants to an area
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Immigration Wave
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Swells in migration from one origin to the same destination
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Colonization
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One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit
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guest workers
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legal immigrant who has work visa, usually short term
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islands of development
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Cities in the developing world are typically where most foreign investment goes, where the vast majority of paying jobs are located, and where infrastructure is concentrated
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Russification
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the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire
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refugee
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person who flees to another country to escape persecution or disaster
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Internally displaced persons
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People who have been displaced in their own countries
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asylum
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right to protection in the first country in which the refugee arrives
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Repatriation
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the act of returning to the country of origin
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Genocide
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Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
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immigration laws
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laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into the state
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selective immigration
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individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from entering
