Ap Human Geography Chapter 2 Answers – Flashcards
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crude birth rate definition
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annual number of live births per 1,000 people
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crude death rate definition
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total annual number of deaths per 1,000 people
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infant mortality definition
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children who die before age 1 per 1,000 live births
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child mortality definition
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children who die between ages 1 and 5
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total fertility rate definition
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average number of children to a woman of childbearing age
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replacement rate
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2.1
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total fertility rate of a nation closely ties level of development and _____________ ____ ____________
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status of women
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rate of natural increase formula
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(crude birth rate-crude death rate)/100
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rate of natural increase does not take what into account?
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immigration and emigration
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life expectancy definition
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average number of years before death
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arithmetic population density definition
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number of people per square mile or square kilometer
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what does it mean when arithmetic population is more dense? less dense?
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small area with a lot of people large area with few people
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physiologic population density definition
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number of people per square mile or square kilometer of arable land
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demographic transition model definition
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model of how population growth changes overtime
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how many phases are in the demographic transition model?
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5
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death rates _______ before birth rates
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drops
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when is the highest growth in the demographic transition model?
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phases 2-3
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cohorts definition
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grouping population factors (i.e. age or gender)
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population pyramids definition
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graphical representation of population by age and gender
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name 3 factors that population pyramids can show, other than age or gender
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college towns immigration war
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thomas malthus believed that population grows _____________
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exponentially
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thomas malthus believed that food production grows _________
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linearly
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what has proved thomas malthus wrong?
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advances in food production
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epidemic definition
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disease prevails over a region
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endemic definition
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disease prevails over a small area
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pandemic definition
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disease prevails over the world
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chronic disease definition
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illnesses of longevity and old age
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genetic disease definition
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traced through ancestry chromosomes and genes that define our makeup
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infectious disease definition
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an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body
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name the three types of population policies
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expansionist restrictive eugenics
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list some incentives for expansionist population policies
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subsidies childcare preferential treatment
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list some disincentives for expansionist population policies
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punishment for using contraception punishment for teaching about contraception
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eugenics definition
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"selecting"/"perfecting" the population denying some the ability to reproduce breeding designed to favor one racial or cultural sector of the population over others
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why is there is a correlation between high birth rates and low standing of women?
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Cultural traditions restrict education and professional opportunities for women men dominate as a matter of custom
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aging index definition
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proportion of older to younger people
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why do wealthier, more developed country have a lower birth rates?
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women want to stay in school and get jobs --> delays childbirth --> fewer children
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what has helped to lower death rates?
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disease prevention technology/advances
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stationary population level definition
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populations of most countries will eventually stop growing
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name some causes of infant mortality
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physical health of the mother improperly weaned malnutrition poor sanitation smoking during pregnancy
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vectored infectious disease definition
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transmitted by an intermediary vector
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non-vectored infectious disease definition
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transmitted by contact between host and victim
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______ leads to AIDS
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HIV
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AIDS definition
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debilitating disease that weakens the body and reduces its capacity to combat other infections
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how is AIDS spread?
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bodily contact that involves the exchange of bodily fluids
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where has AIDS had the biggest impact?
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sub-saharan africa
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how has AIDS affected africa's population pyramid?
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chimney shape instead of typical pyramid shape
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name 2 things that have caused a global decline in AIDS-related deaths
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increased access to anti-retro viral drugs that slow the progression of the disease better health care access for people with HIV
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expansive population policies definition
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encourage large families raise the rate of natural increase
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restrictive population policies definition
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reduce the rate of natural increase
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name an example of a restrictive population policy
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one child policy in china
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name some unintended consequences of the one child policy
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increased abortion rate increase in female infanticide high rate of orphaned girls gender and age imbalance
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doubling time definition
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time it takes for a population to double in size
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*good luck!!*
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*kick ass u got thisss*
