question

The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the

answer

central business district.

question

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

answer

retail and office activities.

question

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have

answer

service for office workers.

question

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its

answer

high accessibility.

question

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

answer

competition for limited space.

question

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

answer

construction of skyscrapers.

question

The Central Business District is

answer

attractive to consumer and business services for its accessibility. less important for retail because of changing shopping habits.

question

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

answer

Retail

question

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

answer

industrial.

question

An example of the "vertical geography" of a CBD is

answer

a barber shop on the bottom floor of a building, an accounting firm occupying the middle floor, and a group of condos on the top floor.

question

The zone in transition in U.S. cities typically contains which of the following?

answer

Warehouses Gentrified buildings Public housing

question

According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of

answer

rings.

question

Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located

answer

on a flat prairie.

question

According to the sector model, the best housing is located in

answer

a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.

question

According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby

answer

industries.

question

Social area analysis attempts to explain

answer

the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

question

The multiple nuclei theory best explains why different neighborhoods of a city attract people of different

answer

ethnic origin.

question

All three models of urban structure

answer

help explain where different types of people live in an urban area. help explain why people live where they do in cities. depend on the use of data, like that of the US Census.

question

Higher income people tend to live near the center of the city in all but which of the following regions?

answer

North America

question

A key piece of information that marketing geographers use to create segments is

answer

multiple nuclei maps, obtained through the use of social area analysis. socio-economic data from the census.

question

Ramshackle houses on the periphery of cities in less developed countries are known as

answer

squatter settlements.

question

Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be

answer

clustered in suburbs.

question

The wide boulevards built in cities in less developed countries were most likely built during what era?

answer

Colonial

question

When the models of urban structure developed in Chicago are applied to Rio de Janeiro, one conclusion is that

answer

the poorest people are located in different areas.

question

The process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment, is

answer

filtering.

question

Housing deterioration can occur when

answer

the rent a landlord collects becomes less than the needed maintenance costs. banks engage in redlining to ensure money isn't lent in a particular area.

question

A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements is

answer

redlining.

question

Public housing is

answer

low-income government-owned housing.

question

Gentrification

answer

A) stagnates the change in a city's ethnic patterns. B) allows lower income families to remain in their homes through public subsidies. C) occurs because lower income families are no longer attracted to deteriorated housing. D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: E

question

A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class is

answer

gentrification.

question

According to U.S. law, when a family is forced by a city to relocate

answer

moving expenses and rent increases are paid by the government.

question

The underclass is characterized in part by high rates of

answer

drug addiction.

question

U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems because

answer

low-income people are concentrated there.

question

In U.S. cities, the underclass is

answer

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

question

Compared to whites, African Americans in U.S. cities are more likely to be

answer

clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

question

To deal with the financial problems in some areas of the cities, American city governments

answer

reduce services.

question

A recent change in the density gradient has been

answer

a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area.

question

Compared to the United Kingdom, the amount of sprawl in the United States is

answer

greater.

question

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of

answer

commuting.

question

The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is

answer

annexation.

question

The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the

answer

urbanized area.

question

In the United States, which of the following definitions of a city covers the largest land area?

answer

Metropolitan statistical area

question

Metropolitan Statistical Areas

answer

have populations of at least 50,000.

question

Megalopolis refers to

answer

adjacent, overlapping Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

question

Sprawl is the

answer

development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

question

British cities are surrounded by open space known as

answer

greenbelts.

question

Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because

answer

each traveler takes up less space.

question

A council of government

answer

can include consolidations of city and county government and federations. is used for planning that various local governments cannot logically do.

question

The purpose of busing in many U.S. suburbs is to

answer

promote racially integrated schools.

question

The corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington DC, called Megalopolis

answer

was named by geographer Jean Gottmann.

question

A legal form of segregation in U.S. cities is achieved through

answer

zoning.

question

People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by

answer

private land surrounding the house.

question

The largest percentage of the U.S. population lives in

answer

suburbs.

question

The density gradient

answer

usually shows a diminishing number of houses per unit of land as the distance from the city center increases. shows a gap in center cities due to the changing pattern of where people live in recent years now shows a reduction in the extremes of density between inner and outer areas found within cities.

question

The largest number of trips are made for

answer

work.

question

Public transportation

answer

declined from 23 billion trips per year in 1940 to 10 billion in 2006.

question

The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by

answer

building interstate highways.

question

Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more

answer

energy efficiency.

question

The major exception to the decline in public transit is (the)

answer

rapid transit.

question

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because

answer

European governments subsidize public transit.

question

In recent years, urban residents are more likely to shop in

answer

suburban malls.

question

The attractions of shopping malls include all but which of the following?

answer

Walking distance from homes

question

Factories have moved to suburban locations in part because of

answer

access to main highways.

question

Some employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do not

answer

own automobiles.

question

In the United States, a city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is known as

answer

an urbanized area.

question

A central city and its contiguous built-up suburbs is called a metropolitan statistical area.

answer

False

question

According to Louis Wirth, cities differ from rural areas in being larger, more dense, and more socially homogeneous.

answer

False

question

The basic building block for MSAs is the county, because of the ease of obtaining data.

answer

True

question

Most urban residents in the United States live in central cities rather than suburbs.

answer

False

question

Land is more intensively used in the center of the city than elsewhere.

answer

True

question

Public housing comprises a large percentage of housing in the United Kingdom but only a small percentage in the United States.Public housing comprises a large percentage of housing in the United Kingdom but only a small percentage in the United States.

answer

True

question

None of the world's ten most populous urban areas is located in Europe.

answer

True

question

The density gradient in American and European cities is getting flatter.

answer

True

question

Relatively wealthy individuals live in the center of most cities in the world outside of North America.

answer

True

question

Suburban sprawl has resulted in the loss of most of the prime agricultural land in the United States.

answer

False

question

Cities in less developed countries have eliminated most signs of European colonial rule.

answer

False

question

While public transportation ridership has declined in the United States, a number of cities have invested in new public transportation systems.

answer

True

question

The three models of urban structure help to explain where people live in U.S. cities but not in European cities.

answer

False

question

Urban population worldwide is projected to exceed rural settlement population for the first time in 2008.

answer

True

question

Rural settlements outside European cities have been converted to weekend homes, because they are no longer needed for agriculture.

answer

True

question

The supply of land for new housing is more severely restricted outside European cities than U.S. cities.

answer

True

question

In the United States, a city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs is known as an urbanized area.

answer

True

question

Historically, the world's largest cities generally were in more developed countries.

answer

True

question

The three eras of development of cities in many less developed countries were pre-Columbian, pre-Colonial, and independence.

answer

False

AP Human Geography Chapter 13: Urban Patterns Test – Flashcards

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