AP Human Geography – Chapter 12 (Services) – Flashcards
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Basic industries
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Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside settlements.
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Business services
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Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial and transportation services.
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Central place theory
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A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; largers settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a large number of people who are willing to travel further.
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City-state
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A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.
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Clustered rural settlement
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A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.
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Consumer services
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Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.
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Central place
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A market center for the exchange of services by people.
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Dispersed rural settlement
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A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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Economic base
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Community's collection of basic industries.
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Enclosure movement
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Process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of large farms in England during the 18th century.
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Gravity model
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Model that holds all the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
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Hinterland
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Area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.
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Nonbasic industries
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Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the industry.
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Primate city
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The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement.
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Primate city rule
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A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the 2nd-ranking settlement.
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Public services
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Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and business.
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Range
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Maximum distance people will travel to use a service.
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Rank-size rule
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Pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
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Service
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Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
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Settlement
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Permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.
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Threshold
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Minimum number of people needed to support a service.
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Urbanization
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An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.
