Ap Human Geography Chapter 1 Vocabulary Answers – Flashcards
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the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact. The process of _______ transcend state boundaries and have outcomes that vary across places and states.
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Globalization
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One of the two major divisions of systematic geography; the spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of Earth's natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography.
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Physical Geography
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pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic.
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Spatial
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physical location of geographic phenomena across space.
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Spatial Distribution
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the design of spatial distribution.
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Pattern
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Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space.
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Spatial Perspective
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The first theme of Geography as defined by the GENIP; the geographical situation of people and things.
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Location
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A logical attempt to explain the ______ional pattern of the economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. The agricultural _____ _______ contained in the von Thünen model is a leading example.
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Location Theory
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Both Complementarity ( A condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/ or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands) and Intervening Opportunity (The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away).
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Spatial Interaction
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Measurement of the physical space between two places.
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Distance
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The degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certian location from other locations. ________ varies from place to place and can be measured.
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Accessibility
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The degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network.
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Connectivity
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The overall appearance of an area. Most _______ are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences.
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Landscape
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The visible imprint of human activity and ______ on the ________. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequnetially imprinted on the ______ by the activities of various human occupants.
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Cultural Landscape
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The notion that succesive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.
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Sequent Occupance
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The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design. Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.
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Cartography
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Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of _______, typically latitude and longitude.
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Reference Maps
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Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute of the movement of a geographic phenomenon.
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Thematic Maps
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The position of place of a certian item on the surface of the Earth as expresed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude, 0° to 90° north or south of the equator, and longitude, 0° to 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian passing through Greenwich, England.
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Absolute Location
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Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geograpic features.
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. Distance, accessibility, and connectivity affect ____ ____.
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Relative Location
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The space within which daily activity occurs.
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Activity Space
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"When mapping data, whether human or physical geographers, cartographers, the geographers who make maps, generalize the information the present on maps." (de Blij, Murphey, Fouberg, ph 16)
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Generalized Map
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A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study.
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Remote Sensing
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A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.
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Geographic Information System (GIS)
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The sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society.
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Culture
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A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.
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Cultural Trait
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A related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils.
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Cultural Complex
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Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture.
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Cultural Hearth
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The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.
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Cultural Diffusion
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The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.
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Time-Distance Decay
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A form of _____ in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban ________ is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence.
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Hierarchial Diffusion
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A form of _______ in which cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place.
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Stimulus Diffusion
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Sequential ________ process in which the items being ________ are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate new ones.
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Relocation Diffusion
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Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions.
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Geographic Concept
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The view that the natural ______________ has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development.
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Environmental Determinism
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Line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values.
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Isotherm
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Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human descision making, not the environment, is the critical factor in cultural development.
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Possibilism
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Features and patterns reflecting human occupation and use of natural resources
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Built landscape
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Arrangements of features in space. Three main properties: density, concentration & pattern.
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Distribution
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The aerial patterns of sets of places and the routes (links) connecting them along which movement can take place.
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Network
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A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction of distance between two places.
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Friction of Distance
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Space time compression is the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even thought their distances are the same. Space time compression is the solution to distance decay because technology (internet,cell phones) is allowing us to communicate more across longer distances.
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Time-Space Compression
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-Geographer from UC Santa Barbara -Tobler's First Law to Geography states: "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things"
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Waldo Tobler
