Ap Human Geography Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcard
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map
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a two-dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it
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place
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a specific point of Earth distinguished by a particular character
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region
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an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features
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scale
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the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
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space
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refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects
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connections
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relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
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cartography
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the science of map-making
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projection
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the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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a law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers
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township
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a square 6 miles on each side
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principal meridians
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some of the north-south lines separating townships
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base lines
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some east-west lines
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section
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a square normally 1 mile on a side
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GIS (geographic information system)
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a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze and display geographic data
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remote sensing
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the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods
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GPS (global positioning system)
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a system that determines accurately the precise position of something on Earth
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location
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the position that something occupies on Earth's surface
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toponym
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the name given to a place on Earth
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site
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the physical character of a place
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situation
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the location of a place relative to other places
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meridian
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an arc drawn between the North and South poles
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parallel
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a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
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longitude
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the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
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prime meridian
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the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0 degrees longitude
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latitude
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the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
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Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
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the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude
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International Date Line
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an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas
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cultural landscape
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a combination of cultural features, economic features, and physical features
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regional studies
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contemporary cultural landscape approach in geography
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formal region
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an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
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functional region
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an area organized around a node or focal point
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vernacular region
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a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity
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mental map
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an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface
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culture
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the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
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cultural ecology
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the geographic study of human-environment relationships
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environmental determinism
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an approach on how the physical environment caused social development
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possibilism
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the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
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resources
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substances that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use
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polder
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a piece of land that is created by draining water from any area
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globalization
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a force of process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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distribution
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the arrangement of a feature in space
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density
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the frequency with which something occurs in space
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arithmetic density
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the total number of objects in an area
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physiological density
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the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture
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agricultural density
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the number of farmers per unit of farmland
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concentration
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the extent of a feature's spread over space
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pattern
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the geometric arrangement of objects in space
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space-time compression
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a term applied by geographers to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
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distance decay
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the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearence of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
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diffusion
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the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
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hearth
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the place from which an innovation originates
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relocation diffusion
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the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
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expansion diffusion
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the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process
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hierarchical diffusion
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the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
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contagious diffusion
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the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
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stimulus diffusion
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the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
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uneven development
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the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy
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transnational corporation
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conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries
