AP Human Geography Ch 2 and 3: FRQ PREP – Flashcards

Regions: Pacific Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, Southeast, Sun Belt, Megalopolis... States: Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Maine, New Hampshire...

Regions: Great Plains, Midwest, the Rust Belt, metropolitan areas such as New York and Los Angeles... States: Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa...

Changing techniques in primary sector jobs(mechanization, corporate farms = out migration), de-industrialization(out migration), high-tech/recreation jobs(new tech = in migration), suburbanization(jobs to suburbs) + decline in small scale agriculture(Nebraska & Kansas) + manufacturing jobs in the Great Lakes - outsourced + service industries - "fill void"

Gravity model(areas of in migration related to interaction between places), Telecommuting(no longer necessary to live near work), Suburbanization/interregional migration(people commute to further places - better transportation ), Change in locational decision making("footloose" companies more flexible about location) + internet, transportation, communication - more efficient - relocate to smaller areas - cheaper land, people go to suburbs for jobs

Retirees to retirement areas(Sun Belt/Florida), Young people to areas with employment ops, Young couples w/ children to suburbs("better" environ) + old flock to nice weather

a. majority of migrants from Europe, pop increase from 16 mil - 217mil, main reasons - economic and political(job opportunity[railroad construction] and freedom from political unrest) + decreasing death rat

Agricultural collapse - potato famine - Irish fled

Stages 4/5 - labor shortages, avoid pop. decline, blame immigrants, aging population + North Africa - high birth rate, labor surplus

Country A - low infant mortality/high birth rate, developing, stage 2 Country B - stage 4, developed, low birth/death rate - aging population

Country A - less need for immigrant labor, youthful population, less dependency on elders social safety net Country B - educated, low youth dependency, more women in workforce, might need immigrant labor - citizens get higher-order jobs

Country A - high youth dependency ratio, strain on resources, low literacy for women, fewer working women Country B - higher elder dependency ratio, fund elder social security, possible labor shortage

core-periphery model - model describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions

distance decay - as distance increases, activity/interaction decreases

chain migration - pattern of migration developed when migrants move through kinship links

core-periphery: Stream B - more cultural power for african americans up north, less political persecution, better job opportunities distance decay: Stream G - internal migration, not international chain migration - Stream A - Asian immigrants to US - kinship links lead to chain migration - economic prosperity, etc.

+ Eastern and Southern Europe + Political instability(WWI, Austro-Hungarian Empire), Religious persecution

+ agricultural to industrial + manufacturing/industrialization

+ Asia and Latin America + End of Cold War(asia), lack of jobs(latin am)

+ service oriented industry - demand for low wage jobs, growth of ethnic economy, expanse of technology