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total way of life held in common by a group of people. Is is specialized behavior patterns, understandings, adaptations, and socialized systems that summarize a group of people's learned way of life. It is not genetically inherited, it is learned.

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Culture

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groups within cultures. they are expected to follow the rules and conventions associated with the role the group plays in the culture as a whole. shows plurality of cultures within regions.

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subculture

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ideas, beliefs, knowledge and ways things are expressed. (mythology, theologies, legend,literature, philosophy

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ideological subsystem

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abstract belief system that tells us what to believe, what to value, how to act.(The reason why arab women must cover their heads and faces...god helps them who helps themselves)

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menifacts

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material objects by which we live

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technological subsystem

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material objects used to fufill the basic needs. (spoon)

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artifacts

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expected and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations. outlet=economics, political, military and religious associations

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sociological subsystem

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help identify what social role a group member plays, how the individual functions.

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sociofact

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learned behaviors, attitudes, and group beliefs that are fundamental and identifying features of specific social groups and larger societies = building blocks of culture. characterize different social groups and define different regions of the world. distinguish cultures spatially and chronologically Different traits exist due to different techniques and methods of securing food, clothing, and shelter that exist in different regions and the customs and ways of life that define each.

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culture traits

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Object: Fish Hook Techniques: Weaving, knotting fishnets Belief: spirits reside in bodies of water Attitude: conviction that fish is the best protien source, tofu beef is better than beef.

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Example of culture traits

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distinguish different culture groups. spread by tradition, example, instruction, and imitation

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cultural identifiers

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traits that are related

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culture complex

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americans love cars (trait) Related to that trait makes up a culture complex are how americans use cars to show their social/economic status. Movies and T.V shows are oftentimes based on something automobile related. The rights of passage in drivers ed courses and drivers tests The decorating of the cars at a wedding with cans and JUST MARRIED in the back. maasai people of kenya keep cattle. related trait includes the measurement of wealth based on number of cattle owned the consuming of milk and blood of the cattle and distain for anywork that is unassociated with cattle hearding.

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example of culture complex

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when enough come similarities of some culture traita and complexes exist between groups of people that are close in their geographic proximity. This is larger choices, languages, religions, etc, they share enough traits that they are commonle recognized as a cultural entity/system to themselfs and other.

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culture system

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Melting Pot. Diversity in america, labeled as Americans.

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example for culture system

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portion of earth surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable, distinctive cultural characteristics. defined by types of political structure, religion, form of economy, clothes, utensils used, and types of architecture. groups with in culture regions are defined by cultural traits.

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culture region

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culture region based more on formal structure while culture system based more on vernacular regions

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how culture region and culture system different

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set of culture regions showing related cultural complexes and landscapes. it recognizes a large segment of earth a surface and shows shared cultural characteristics and a significant difference from the adjacent culture realms. they are the most broadest and most generalized. often more diversity then similarity. they are being question on their validity because being erased by globalization.

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culture realm

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causing homogenization of cultures as aconomic are integrated and uniform consumer demands are satisfied by standardized commodities produced by international corps. (McDonaldization of the world)

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globalization to culture realms

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new song within culture may inspire new dance routines and advertising campaigns based on songs. these changes ways they are done in society forever.

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innovation example

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hunter, gather to agricultural rev agricultural rev to industrialization rural to urban local to global trade

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types of innovation (historically)

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center of innovation and invention from where culture traits and element move to and influence surrounding regions. "cradles" of new groups. (functional region)

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culture hearths

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thousands of culture hearths and through time developed into this. they turn into this by achieving high level or writing, metallurgy, long-distance trade connections, astronomy and mathematics, social satisfaction and labor specialization, formalized governmental systems, and a structured urban center.

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civilization

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belief that similarities shared by different cultural groups due primarily to the spread of culture from a few common origin sites. culture spreads from it's points of origin, it's cultural hearth

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diffusionism

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explains the common characteristics of widely separated cultural groups. culture changes are a result of independent versions inventions - belief that culture changes from within, separated from outside interactions. environmental zones created similar cultural traits adapt to similar environments - comparable but not identical.

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multilinear evolution

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usually from diffusionism and multilinear evolution acting together. sharing of tech, cultural traits and artifacts is evident among widely separated societies because we live in a world of instantaneous communication stems from both multilinear evolution and differsionism.

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cultural convergence

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process by which an idea or innovation is spread from one individual or group to another across space. diffusion is usually slow in the beggining, then rapid growth and spread, then slows to decline, bell curve.

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cultural diffusion

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usually continually increases in the place of origin as it continues to spread to other places around the wourld. and example is religion

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expansion diffusion

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starts with largest cities and goes down to local

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hierarchical diffusion

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direct contact between those who developed the innovation and those who encounter it. Trends with fashion or fads that spread outward like a disease or illness from carrier. Distance Decay can come into play, example fashion week.

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contagious diffusion

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an idea usually stimulates imatative behavior; it is not a direct exchange of ideas. Pick up and idea and change it. Example - Cherokee Native Americans learned that europeans communicate by writing on a piece of paper. This lead the cherokee to create a written language. europeans didn't do it, the cherokee were imitation the europeans.

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stimulus diffusion

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people migrate and take their culture with them. Example - you move from germany to USA and bring your customs and traditions with you, the christmas tree orginated from germany.

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relocation deiffusion

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when culture groups "adopt" the values, attitudes, customs, an speech of the revieving society. The recieving society also grows and change as a result of the new culture groups. imigration is a cause. also as a result of colonization or conquest.

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acculturation

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conditions that limit the spread of culture.

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diffusion barriers

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distance between people groups acts as an absorbing barrier between peoples. Culture spreads but weakens as it spreads. How radiation spreads.

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friction of distance

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physical landforms or man made landforms that delay of deflect the path of diffussion. Example - Alps in europe kept culture separate despite close proximity which allowed them to develop so differently from one another.

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interrupting barriers

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Time-Distance decay and other barriers like the government and people that make efforts to stop diffusion from culture hearths and are hesitant to adopt the traits, most barriers are permeable. most traits can get through even though its restricted, like china's no satilite policy.

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example of barriers

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