AP Human Geo (Wiley) Unit One – Flashcards
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| Human Geography |
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| how people make places, howw we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region, and world |
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| Globalization |
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| set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders |
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| Physical Geography |
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| study of physical phenomena on Earth |
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| Spatial Distribution |
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| how something is distributed across space |
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| Pandemics |
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| worldwide outbreak of a disease |
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| Spatial Perspective |
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| study of a multitude of phenomena ranging from political elections and urban shantytowns to gay neighborhoods and folk music |
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| Five Themes of Geography |
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| Location Human-environment Region Place Movement |
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| Location |
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| highlights how the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why |
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| Location Theory |
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| element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide rang of questions. (i.w. why are villages, towns, and cities spaced the way they are?) |
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| Human-environment |
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| consideration of the relationship among phenomena in individual places -including relationships between humans and the physical world. |
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| Region |
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| area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon |
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| Place |
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| uniqueness of a location |
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| Sense of Place |
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| state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character |
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| Epidemic |
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| regional outbreak of a disease |
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| Perceptions of places |
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| belief or understanding about a place developed through books, movies, stories, or pictures |
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| Movement |
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| mobility of people, goods, and ides across the surface of the planet |
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| Spatial interaction |
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| condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands |
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| fieldwork |
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| study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places |
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| Accessibility |
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| degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. Varies from places to place and can be measured |
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| Connectivity |
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| degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network |
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| Landscape |
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| overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes are compromised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences |
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| Cultural Landscape |
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| visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants |
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| Sequent Occupance |
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| notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |
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| Perceptual Region |
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| region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity. (i.e. the south or the Mid-Atlantic region) |
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| Culture |
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| sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. |
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| Culture Trait |
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| single element of normal practice in a culture such as the wearing of a turban |
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| Culture complex |
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| related set of cultural traits such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils |
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| Cultural Hearth |
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| heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture |
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| Distance Decay |
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| effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater distance the less interaction |
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| Mental Map |
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| image or picture of the way space is organized by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space |
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| Activity Space |
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| the space within which daily activity occurs |
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| Scale |
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| Representation of real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography the ratio of map distance to ground distance; indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and or verbal statement |
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| Formal Region |
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| type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; homogeneous region |
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| Functional Region |
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| region defined by the particular set of activities of interactions that occur within it |
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| Cultural barrier |
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| prevailing cultural attitude or rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture |
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| Expansion Diffusion |
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| spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination |
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| Contagious Diffusion |
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| distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person- analogous to the communication of contagious illness |
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| Hierarchical diffusion |
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| an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or people. |
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| Stimulation Diffusion |
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| a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |
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| Relocation Diffusion |
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| sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. |
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| Environmental determinism |
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| the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. |
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| Cultural Ecology |
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| multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment |
