AP Human Geo (Wiley) Unit One – Flashcards
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| Pandemics |
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| worldwide outbreak of a disease |
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| Spatial Perspective |
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| study of a multitude of phenomena ranging from political elections and urban shantytowns to gay neighborhoods and folk music |
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| Five Themes of Geography |
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| Location Human-environment Region Place Movement |
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| Location |
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| highlights how the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why |
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| Location Theory |
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| element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide rang of questions. (i.w. why are villages, towns, and cities spaced the way they are?) |
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| Human-environment |
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| consideration of the relationship among phenomena in individual places -including relationships between humans and the physical world. |
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| Region |
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| area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon |
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| Place |
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| uniqueness of a location |
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| Sense of Place |
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| state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character |
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| Epidemic |
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| regional outbreak of a disease |
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| Perceptions of places |
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| belief or understanding about a place developed through books, movies, stories, or pictures |
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| Movement |
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| mobility of people, goods, and ides across the surface of the planet |
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| Spatial interaction |
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| condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands |
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| fieldwork |
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| study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places |
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| Accessibility |
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| degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations. Varies from places to place and can be measured |
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| Connectivity |
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| degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network |
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| Landscape |
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| overall appearance of an area. Most landscapes are compromised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences |
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| Cultural Landscape |
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| visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants |
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| Sequent Occupance |
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| notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |
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| Perceptual Region |
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| region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity. (i.e. the south or the Mid-Atlantic region) |
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| Culture |
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| sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society. |
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| Culture Trait |
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| single element of normal practice in a culture such as the wearing of a turban |
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| Culture complex |
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| related set of cultural traits such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils |
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| Cultural Hearth |
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| heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture |
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| Distance Decay |
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| effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater distance the less interaction |
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| Mental Map |
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| image or picture of the way space is organized by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space |
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| Activity Space |
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| the space within which daily activity occurs |
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| Scale |
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| Representation of real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization. In cartography the ratio of map distance to ground distance; indicated on a map as a bar graph, representative fraction, and or verbal statement |
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| Formal Region |
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| type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; homogeneous region |
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| Functional Region |
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| region defined by the particular set of activities of interactions that occur within it |
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| Cultural barrier |
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| prevailing cultural attitude or rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture |
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| Expansion Diffusion |
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| spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination |
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| Contagious Diffusion |
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| distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person- analogous to the communication of contagious illness |
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| Hierarchical diffusion |
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| an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or people. |
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| Stimulation Diffusion |
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| a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |
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| Relocation Diffusion |
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| sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. |
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| Environmental determinism |
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| the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. |
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| Cultural Ecology |
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| multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment |
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