AP Gov. Summer Assignment – Flashcards
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Goverment
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a political system set up to rule an area or group of people
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Politics
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Method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government (who gets what, when, and how)
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Oligarchy
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A government ruled by a few powerful people
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Monarchy
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A government ruled by a king or queen
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Autocracy
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A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual
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Dictatorship
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A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
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Totalitarianism
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A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.
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Republic
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A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
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Democracy
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A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
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Direct Democracy
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A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
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Representative Democracy
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A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.
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Confederation
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A joining of several groups for a common purpose
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Federalism
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A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments
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Constitution
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written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and was approved by the original thirteen states
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Legitimacy
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How truthful and reliable something is; authenticity.
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Legislature
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A governing body that makes laws and can also amend or repeal them
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President
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The person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government.
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Judiciary
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The courts and the people who run them, which are usually judges make up this term.
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Bicameral
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A that committee has two distinct groups responsible for setting rules and developing policies.
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Sovereignty
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The power of one state or thing over another or the freedom a state or thing has to control itself.
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Political Party
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An organization that has the same political views and work together to gain political power.
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Interest group
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A social group whose members control some field of activity and who have the same aims.
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Constituent
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The people politicians have been elected to represent
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Gettymandering
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Not having a straight solution
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Incumbent
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An official who holds an office.
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Filibuster
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A lengthy speech designed to delay or kill the vote on a bill; used only in the Senate
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Impeachment
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A formal document accusing a public official with misconduct
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Judicial review
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Review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body.
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Plaintiff
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The person or group who is accusing another person or group of some wrongdoing.
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Defendant
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The person being sued or accused
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Civil Law
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The body of laws established by a state or nation for its own regulation
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Criminal law
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The body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment
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Precedent
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Any act, decision, or case that serves as a guide or justification for subsequent
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Stari decisis
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The doctrine of precedent. (doctrine is beliefs btw)
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Due process
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The correct way of legally dealing with an individual that does not violate his constitutionally guaranteed rights.
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Plea bargain
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- A negotiation in which the defendant agrees to enter a plea of guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor agrees to drop a more serious charge
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Conservative
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A person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom.
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Liberal
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A person whose views favor more govt involvemnt in business, social welfare, minority rights, &increased govt spending. (opposite of conservative)
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Political ideology
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A consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government.
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Separation of Powers
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The legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
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Checks and balances
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A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
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Limited government
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Basic principle of American government which states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that government cannot take away
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How often are Representatives elected?
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every 2 years
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How old must a representative be to be elected?
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at least 25
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How long is the term for a Senator?
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six years
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How were Senators originally chosen? Which amendment changed that?
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by state legislatures; changed by the 17th amendment
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How old does someone have to be to be a Senator?
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At least 30.
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Who is the President of the Senate and when may that person vote?
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The Vice President, only when a vote is equally divided.
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Which legislative body has the power of impeachment and which body has the power to try an impeached official?
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The Senate = power of impeachment. The Chief Justice = power to try an official for impeachment.
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Who officiates when the President is tried for impeachment?
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The Vice President
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What is the required vote that is necessary to convict someone who has been impeached?
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2/3 of the members present.
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What is the only penalty for impeachment?
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Removal from office; cannot hold a federal position.
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Who decides the times, places, and manner for holding elections for Congress?
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The state legislature decides.
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In what federal body do all bills concerning taxes originate? (people's decision)
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House of Representatives.
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What fraction of both houses (House of Representatives and the Senate) must vote to override a veto?
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2/3
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What happens when a President doesn't return a bill in 10 days and what is the exception?
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The bill becomes a law, exception is when Congress adjourns.. (pocket veto).
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What are the powers of Congress, as listed in Article 1 Section 8?
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1. to lay/collect taxes 2. to borrow money 3. to regulate commerce 4. to make money 5. to establish post offices/roads 6. to provide/maintain a Navy
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In Article 1, Section 8, which clause gives Congress general, implied powers?
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The elastic clause (expansion of powers derived from expressed powers).
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In Article 1, Section 9, what are the limitations on the power of Congress to deny people rights?
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1. no one can be punished for a crime they didn't commit. 2. a person accused of a crime must be presented in could (exception is when rebellion is involved). 3. no titles of nobility. 4. a person cannot be charged for committing a crime that wasn't a crime (there was not a law stating it was a crime when the crime was committed).
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When can the writ of habeas corpus (the right to be brought before a court after committing a crime) be suspended?
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When cases of rebellion/invasion make public safety require it.
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Limits on the powers of the states?
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1. cannot enter into a treaty. 2. cannot put taxes on imports/exports without consent of Congress. 3. cannot keep or build an army. 4. cannot coin money. 5. cannot enter into war unless invaded.
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How old does someone have to be to be elected President? Citizenship requirement?
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At least 35. 14 years.
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How is it determined how many electors each state has?
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How many representatives (in HOR) and Senators (in Senate) a state has.
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Powers of the President?
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1. can make treaties. 2. Commander in Chief of army and navy. 3. can fill up vacancies in the Senate.
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Which body of Congress must approve a treaty that the president has negotiated? Fraction of the vote?
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The Senate, 2/3.
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Which body of Congress approves nominations?
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The Senate
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When can the President appoint people without approval?
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When the Senate is adjourned.
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What can a President/other officer be impeached for?
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Treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
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What is the term of office for Supreme Court Justice? When may they be removed?
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Life under good behavior. If they get impeached.
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Who decides the number of federal courts?
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Congress
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In which cases does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
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In cases that affect ambassadors, public ministers, and consuls.
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What is necessary to convict someone of treason?
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2 witnesses or an open confession in court.
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Topic of Article IV?
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Relations among the states.
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(in the Constitution) How must one state regard the laws of another state?
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Must respect the laws and judicial proceedings of other states.
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What Limitation is put on adding new states to the Union?
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Cannot be formed by a state, in a state, or by joining two states together, without the consent of Congress.
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Fraction of the houses of Congress (HOR and the Senate): to approve a proposed amendment?
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2/3
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Fraction of the states: to approve a proposed amendment (for it to be ratified)?
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3/4
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Fraction of the states: to ask for a convention to propose new amendments?
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2/3
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What is the only limitation in the Constitution as to what can be a basis of an amendment
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Cannot affect the 4th and 1st clauses of the 9th section in the 1st amendment.
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(in the Constitution) Which laws shall predominate if there is any conflict between laws?
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supreme laws
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What qualification for holding any public office is forbidden?
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Religious test
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How many states had to ratify the Constitution?
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nine
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Name 5 basic civil liberties guaranteed in the First Amendment?
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1.) Freedom of Speech 2.) freedom of peaceable assembly (protest/riot) 3.)freedom of press 4.) Freedom to petition the gov. 5.)Freedom of religion
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Which amendment extended the vote to 18 year olds?
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26th
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Which amendment outlaws "cruel and unusual punishments"
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8th
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Which amendment ended slavery
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13th
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Which Amendment said that states couldn't prevent people from voting based on their race
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15th
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Which amendment said that a person couldn't be tried twice for the same crime
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5th
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What phrase is repeated in both the 5th and 14th amendment
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"nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without process of law"
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Which amendment gave women the right to vote and in what year was it passed?
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19th; August 18th,1920
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Which amendment decided that a person could be president for only two terms
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22nd
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Which amendment requires the police to have a warrant to search someone's property?
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4th
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Which amendment gave gov. the power to impose an income tax?
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16th
