question

the hierarchial system of agencies, departments, etc that report to/work under a single chief executive

answer

bureaucracy

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the firing of the office holders of a defeated party and replacing them with loyalists of the newly elected party

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spoils system

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German sociologist who said that bureaucracies are rational but require rules; hierarchial

answer

Max Weber

question

bureaucracies are _________ing

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shrink

question

do americans dislike the bureaucracy?

answer

no

question

are most bureaucrats located in DC?

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no

question

bureaucracy divides labor amongst specialized workers

answer

weber suggestion

question

why is it necessary to clear the lines of authority within a bureaucracy?

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argument is a transaction cost

question

impersonality; employees get treated based on performance and all clients are served equally

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weber suggestion

question

according to Weber, work should be carried out and evaluated according to...to increase productivity

answer

established rules

question

willingly giving up power; Congress risks laws not being implemented properly if it delegates authority to a single exec

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agency loss

question

what does the bureaucracy do in terms of the three branches?

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it links and is checked by them

question

the model bureaucracy is a __________ _____________

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purposive machine

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members of the bureaucracy are ideally ___________ to facilitate collective action

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interchangable

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state, war, and treasury, plus an attorney general

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original executive departs (only non-postal service fed jobs)

question

grew with the growth of the country

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postal service

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POTUS to put the postmaster in the Cabinet; spoils system and rotation in office

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Jackson

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Complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be strictly adhered to

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red tape

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used to "balance/fix" the incompetence and corruption that could stem from rotation in office

answer

red tape

question

Jacksonian idea that no one is a career politician; every man serves for one or two terms in gov just to experience it and then leaves to do a regular job

answer

rotation in office

question

brought in thousands of additional federal employees; department of Agriculture created (relation?)

answer

civil war

question

originally (1789+) chosen for their character to make an honest and competent gov

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bureaucratic officers

question

sparked ideas of reform of/in the patronage system

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whiskey ring and garfield assasination

question

Grant administration; group of officials importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid its taxes, cheating the treasury out of millions

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whiskey ring

question

created merit system through open, competitive exams; 10% of people first affected by it, now 90%; created plum book

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pendleton act of 1883

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principal hires agent to work on his/her behalf, often contractual; agent must work in best interest of the principal

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principal-agent relationship

question

undermine principal goals when a member of an agency does/knows something unbeknownst to the chief

answer

hidden actions/information

question

first real independent regulatory commission, terminated in 1995; regulated rail roads;

answer

ICC (interstate commerce commission)

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monitor and direct an economic activity/interest specified by Congress; provide expertise on economic activities to congress & courts

answer

independent regulatory commission

question

created under Teddy Roosevelt (progressive era) to oversee work relations; divided into two sections/cabinets under Wilson

answer

department of commerce and labor

question

1914; gov agency responsible for enforcing principles of a free enterprise system and protecting consumers from unfair business practices

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FTC (federal trade commission)

question

created income taxes; provided a major new source of revenue for the federal gov; allowed even more growth of gov

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16th amendment

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inspired people to become career bureaucrats

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civil service system

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led to further growth of the bureaucracy

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progressive era

question

created hundreds of new gov agencies to regulate the economy; billions of bureaucracy jobs -> Americans became more reliant on federal gov role in their lives

answer

new deal

question

LBJ program in the 1960's to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly

answer

war on poverty

question

war on poverty-based program that provided for the equal opportunity for employment of blacks/women; waits for complaints to respond

answer

equal employment and opportunity commission

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war on poverty-based program that regulated housing

answer

department of housing and urban development

question

war on poverty-based program that institutes and coordinates national transportation programs

answer

department of transportation

question

1939 in response to growth of employees from new deal; prevented federal workers from directly involving themselves in working for political candidates

answer

hatch act

question

1993; balanced hatch act by allowing federal employees to participate/run in nonpartisan campaigns (school board eg) and campaign for partisan candidates

answer

FEPAA (federal employees political activities act)

question

in charge of hiring for most federal agencies; rule of three; sponsors PMF

answer

OPM (office of personnel management)

question

3 candidates selected by OPM after exams etc which are then chosen from by boss; CAN be friends

answer

rule of three

question

roughly 9000 at top of the GS system

answer

senior executive service

question

environmental crisis response agency; independent agency focused on responding to natural and other disasters

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FEMA

question

coolidge plan to reduce the government by cutting 2% of every department

answer

two percent club

question

what bureaucracies work for (unlike private businesses)

answer

public good

question

aren't driven by reelection (gov) or profit (business)

answer

bureaucratic agencies

question

bureaucratic agencies are responsible to...

answer

the people

question

bush plan: fire low-level federal workers and replace with private business ownership

answer

privatization

question

nixon plan to give power back to the states and reduce national gov involvement in domestic affairs

answer

new federalism

question

federal employment # compared with that of state & local

answer

way less than

question

state employment # is...while local is uber high

answer

increasing

question

it is difficult to fire a bureaucrat after...

answer

probationary period

question

how most bureaucrats get their jobs

answer

merit

question

last 10% of bureaucracy; upper levels

answer

potus appointees

question

are federal bureaucrats CAREER government employees?

answer

yes

question

GS 1-15; competitive exams and rule of three

answer

low levels

question

GS 16-18; senior executive service; resumes and interviews

answer

mid levels

question

appointive policy-making positions; ind regulatory commissioners; low-level nonpolicy patronage positions

answer

3 appointee positions

question

bureaucrats reflect...

answer

country demographics

question

decentralization; increased access

answer

reason for 10 bureaucratic regions

question

spread federal money amongst regional offices

answer

reason for 10 bureaucratic regions

question

federal workforce is getting older (is...)

answer

graying

question

# of cabinet departments, except justice which has an attorney general

answer

15

question

60% of federal workforce

answer

cabinet departments

question

clientele agencies that cater to specific people/interests/goals - nationally and regionally

answer

cabinet departments

question

FDIC, USPS, TVA and amtrak

answer

examples of gov corporations

question

NLRB, Federal Reserve Board, FCC, FDA, ICC, and SEC

answer

examples of ind regulatory commissions

question

businesses established by congress that perform tasks that could be provided by private businesses; established whenever congress sees a need

answer

gov corporations

question

produce revenue and have more flexibility than most federal agencies; usually have lower rates than the private sector

answer

gov corporations

question

agencies created by Congress to regulate a specific economic activity/interest; develop areas of expertise

answer

ind regulatory commissions

question

are an attempt to restrict the influence of POTUS and party on regulations (problem of delegation)

answer

ind regulatory commissions

question

provide continuity of policy because they don't change by POTUS

answer

ind regulatory commissions

question

the quasi-judicial process in which a disagreement between two parties is settled by a bureaucratic agency in a court-ish manner

answer

administrative adjudication

question

use of gov authority to change practice in the private sector; force of law

answer

regulations

question

the legislative-ish process that is similar to that of a legislative act;

answer

rule making

question

bureaucrats' decision on how to implement law/policies (bend the rules)

answer

administrative discretion

question

specifically-designed working groups of many department reps that organize and help in policymaking and implementation

answer

interagency councils

question

temporary informal relationship system between numerous 'actors' in large policy areas; people based interest groups, congressional staffs, universities and think tanks,and in the mass media; regularly discuss and advocate public policies

answer

issue network

question

formal and stable relationship between an agency, interest group, and a congressional committee; communication is still informal though

answer

iron triangle

question

known as 'sub-governments'

answer

iron triangles

question

putting a law or policy into effect

answer

implementation

question

basically almost-Cabinet departments; heads are appointed/removed by POTUS

answer

ind executive agencies

question

social security, NASA, EPA, CIA, GSA, NSF, Peace Corps

answer

examples of ind executive agencies

question

regulates federal property, handling buildings, supplies, and purchasing

answer

GSA

question

created by Nixon after recognizing the public's demand for/of it

answer

EPA

question

does a bureaucratic agency necessarily need a strong leader?

answer

yes

question

title ix of the education act of 1972; "reasonable provisions"

answer

example of lack of clarity

question

perform service rather than regulatory functions

answer

ind executive agencies

question

...may cause the creation of a new agency or give new assignments to an existing one

answer

implementation of legislation

question

translates goals into rules and coordinates people/resources

answer

implementation

question

implementation failure: defective theoretical concept

answer

program design

question

implementation failure: vauge law; leaves imp. up to bureaucracy; may give contradictory orders

answer

lack of clarity

question

implementation failure: eg staff, training, funding, equipment; may also lack authority to carry out their responsibilities

answer

lack of resources

question

standard operating procedures

answer

SOPs

question

bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion

answer

street-level bureaucrats

question

implementation failure: too many agencies covering a single issue

answer

fragmentation

question

45 agencies on immigration; 150 training programs

answer

example of fragmentation

question

congressional committees lose jurisdictions

answer

reorganization issue (1)

question

agencies want to keep their authority

answer

reorganization issue (2)

question

interest groups want to keep their relationships

answer

reorganization issue (3)

question

implementation failure: follow SOPs to avoid decisions; red tape

answer

admin routines

question

implementation failure: some bureaucrats have authority to select among various responses to a given problem

answer

admin dispositions

question

..., agencies must apply and enforce it in court or through administrative procedures

answer

to make a rule

question

1946; most important attempt by Congress to define the nature and process of bureaucratic decision making; gives everyone a chance to participate in rule-making

answer

Administrative Procedures Act

question

public notice of the time, place, and nature of the rule-making proceedings provided in the Federal Register

answer

APA effect (1)

question

interested parties must be given the opportunity to submit written arguments/facts relevant to the rule; basis of the rule stated

answer

APA effect (2)

question

generally 30 days must pass before new rules take effect; sometimes agencies are required to conduct a formal hearing before issuing rules

answer

APA effect (3)

question

...power/directions from congress and guidelines from an agency, and enforce compliance with congressional goals

answer

regulations have

question

affect everyday life

answer

regulations (bureaucratic agencies)

question

...tend to wait for complaints before acting [nonspecific]

answer

small agencies

question

biggest reorganization in 50 years

answer

homeland security

question

coordinate policymaking across a host of gov agencies; policy coordinating committees

answer

interagency councils

question

voting rights act of 1965; justice department sent officials to register people to vote so sheriffs can't deny blacks

answer

example of successful implementation

question

most important ind regulatory commission; regulates the economy itself

answer

federal reserve board

question

eg of sending inspectors out in the field

answer

OSHA (occupational safety and heatlh admin)

question

eg of waiting for people to come to them

answer

fcc

question

lifting restraints on business, industry, and professional activities for which gov rules and bureaucracies had been established to administer

answer

deregulation

question

reagan was strongly in favor of but was really started under Carter; increased until Obeezy

answer

deregulation

question

expensive regulation is passed to customer; hurts america's position abroad against nations (China) with less regulation

answer

reason for deregulation

question

inspectors go out and look for activity; GAO to ensure accountability

answer

police patrol oversight

question

sit around and wait for an emergency to act

answer

fire alarm oversight

question

bureaucracies aren't elected, like...; is undemocratic

answer

the courts

question

court order to prevent implementation

answer

injunction

question

legal action; law suit

answer

litigation

question

someone who finds wrongdoing in a fed or private agency, collects info, and gives it to law enforcement so they can sue; congress protected so that they aren't allowed to lose their jobs and get monetary compensation

answer

whistle-blower

question

POTUS appoints heads with similar policy goals; risk that they'll be more loyal to agency than POTUS

answer

marry the natives

question

POTUS must balance appointees with _______ support

answer

senate

question

POTUS master control instrument; performs central clearance

answer

OMB

question

potus can request congress to _____________

answer

reorganize

question

may change/reduce an agency's budget

answer

POTUS

question

potus __________ uses executive order on the bureaucracy to reduce confrontation; TJ, Coolidge, and Clinton tried to make the bureaucracy more accountable

answer

rarely

question

cannot be stood up against; is the pimp to the bureaucratic agency's hoes

answer

congress

question

reason for administrative oversight not really being a Congress priority

answer

doesn't help reelection

question

can set time limits to easily limit agency's authority; demands mandatory reports; has the sole power to create/abolish agencies

answer

congress

question

the maximum amount of funding of an agency as set by congress

answer

authorization

question

the actual amount of $ given to agency; sometimes less than authorized

answer

appropriation

question

is passive, waits for problems; ensures that agencies adhere to due process rights

answer

judicial branch

question

can be appealed to from district courts

answer

supreme court

question

tends to defer to bureaucrats and gives them leeway; tends to strike down executive agencies more than independant ones

answer

judicial branch

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