AP Euro Unit VI: Europe after the Congress of Vienna – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Name the progressive working class movement of 19th-century England.
answer
Chartism
question
What is the school of thought founded by Adam Smith?
answer
Classical Economics
question
The bourgeoisie who depended on representative assemblies practiced which philosophy?
answer
Classical Liberalism
question
What are the protectionist tariffs that were used in 19th century England called?
answer
Corn Laws
question
This event was a sign of the beginnings of progressive feelings in Russia.
answer
Decembrist Revolt
question
The philosophy that the world is in a state of flux is the _________ of Georg Hegel.
answer
Dialectic
question
Marxism is also known as ___________ determinism
answer
Economic
question
The __________ Assembly was an abortive attempt to unify the German states legislatively.
answer
Frankfurt
question
________ is the predominant nationality in Hungary.
answer
Magyar
question
The Reform Bill of 1832 redistributed and broadened suffrage in England.
answer
true
question
This philosophy was a reaction to the logic of the Enlightenment and was enthralled with moods and emotions.
answer
Romanticism
question
Where was the Italian unification movement centered?
answer
Sardinia
question
_____________ socialism says that the events of history are inevitable and economically motivated.
answer
Scientific
question
Marx's belief that the worker should get the profit from the sale of a product is called ___________ value.
answer
Surplus
question
Which political group became the Conservative Party in England?
answer
Tories
question
The belief that common ownership of property benefits individuals is called ___________ socialism.
answer
Utopian
question
Which political group became the Liberal Party in England?
answer
Whigs
question
This Russian czar is associated with reactionary politics from 1815-1848.
answer
Alexander I
question
This English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism;he is also an apostle of "radicalism" in the 19th century.
answer
Jeremy Bentham
question
Louis Jean Joseph Charles _______________ was the best known of the French socialists. He favored reforms and called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor.
answer
Blanc
question
Friedrich ______________ is a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman. He founded Marxist theory together with Karl Marx.
answer
Engels
question
That reality is not static or fixed, but is in a constant historical process of change and development, is an example of the dialectical idealism of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich ______________.
answer
Hegel
question
Who was the foremost leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849 and the symbol of Magyar nationalism?
answer
Kossuth
question
The leader of the 2nd French Republic was __________
answer
Louis Napoleon
question
French Citizen-king from 1830-1848
answer
Louis Philippe
question
Adopted as the official philosophy of Soviet Communists, dialectical materialism (a pattern of conflict over money), was the idea of this philosopher.
answer
Marx
question
This Austrian statesman and Minister of Foreign Affairs favored the Holy Alliance.
answer
Metternich
question
Who was the Russian czar who became repressive because of the Decembrist Revolt?
answer
Nicholas I
question
___________ was a British manufacturer turned reformer, and one of the most influential early 19th-century advocates of utopian socialism.
answer
Robert Owen
question
This economist favored the idea of laissez-faire economics/government in his work THE WEALTH OF NATIONS.
answer
Adam Smith
question
The chief cause of the shift in population in England resulting in unequal representation in Parliament before 1832 was the
answer
Industrial Revolution
question
Democracy in England developed chiefly through a process of
answer
gradual evolution
question
An obstacle to German unification in the period from 1815 to 1860 was the
answer
rivalry between Prussia and Austria
question
All of the following areas witnessed revolutions or drastic constitutional changes in 1848 except
answer
Russia
question
Which group gained suffrage as a result of the Reform Bill of 1832?
answer
middle class
question
Which man in England in 1815 could hold public office
answer
Presbyterian landlord
question
Persons who wish to go back to a former state of affairs are called
answer
reactionaries
question
The Congress of Vienna failed to recognize the principles of
answer
nationalism
question
Persons who wish to make progress gradually and legally are called
answer
liberals
question
The Congress of Vienna was dominated by the principles of
answer
legitimacy
question
Which of the following would Metternich oppose most?
answer
freedom of the press
question
Persons who want to bring about complete and rapid changes are called
answer
radicals
question
In 1815, Leeds and Manchester were unrepresented in Parliament because these cities
answer
had not secured a reapportionment of Parliamentary seats In accord with their increase in population
question
The German people are
answer
Protestant in the N & E; Catholic in the S & W
question
Utopian socialists believed in the following except
answer
that the country would best be served by a dictatorial government once an election had been held
question
The basic belief of Karl Marx was that
answer
class struggle existed between property owners and workers
question
In 1820-1831, Austrian armies suppressed revolutions in
answer
Italy
question
The chief professed aim of Marxist Socialists in the latter half of the 19th century was to
answer
abolish private ownership of property and the means of production
question
Classical liberals supported all of the following except
answer
universal manhood suffrage
question
The members of the Quadruple Alliance, as formed at the Congress of Vienna, were Austria, Prussia, and
answer
Russia and England
question
The British Reform Bill of 1832 was passed because
answer
new industrialized population centers were inadequately represented in Parliament
question
To which event would the term coup d'état be correctly applied?
answer
Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory
question
A guiding principle ignored by the diplomats of Vienna was the
answer
satisfaction of nationalism
question
Which of the following statements best describes romanticism?
answer
emphasis on a high degree of emotional subjectivity
question
Great Britain's Reform Bill of 1832 and of 1867 dealt with
answer
extension of the franchise
question
The Metternich System was most seriously challenged by the
answer
revolutions of 1848
question
Which of the following countries exerted a dominant influence on both Germany and Italy as a result of the decisions of the Congress of Vienna?
answer
Austria
question
English government was undemocratic in 1800. One of the reasons was that
answer
most citizens did not have the right to vote
question
A "rotten borough" refers to
answer
an area that had lost population and was over-represented in Parliament
question
The author of the Holy Alliance, by which the rulers agreed to govern according to Christian principles, was
answer
Alexander I
question
Marx drew upon all of the following to develop his theory of politics and history except
answer
ideas of English classical economics
question
As a result of the Reform Bill of 1832 in England, political power shifted from
answer
landed aristocracy to the urban bourgeoisie
question
With which of the following items did the Congress of Vienna concern itself?
answer
all of the above
question
The term most similar to nationalism in meaning is
answer
patriotism
question
Louis Napoleon followed in the footsteps of Napoleon Bonaparte in that Louis Napoleon
answer
established a dictatorial Empire
question
The Reform Bill of 1832 gave political power mainly to the
answer
middle class city people
question
The Reform Bill of 1832 also
answer
abolished rotten boroughs
question
Which did not strengthen nationalism?
answer
the Old Regime (Ancien Regime)
question
"Each individual, bestowing more time and attention upon the means of preserving and increasing his portion of wealth than is or can be bestowed by government, is likely to take a more effectual course than what, in this instance and on his behalf, would be taken by government." This quotation best illustrates which of the following?
answer
classical liberalism
question
The revolutions of 1848
answer
won few victories anywhere
question
Which one of the following was the most successful achievement of the 1848 revolutions?
answer
the permanent abolition of serfdom in Habsburg possessions
question
Nationalism is
answer
feeling that unites people of the same language, history and tradition
question
The Revolutions of 1848 led to the overthrow of
answer
Metternich
question
At different times and in different countries, nationalism has supported conflicting ideals such as democracy and dictatorship. This proves that
answer
nationalists will support that form of government they identify with their country's history and interests
question
In which one of these countries did the Industrial Revolution occur last?
answer
Russia
question
The principal cause of the Industrial Revolution was the
answer
need for more manufactured goods for foreign trade
question
Which of the following was an important POLITICAL result of the Industrial Revolution in England in the 19th century?
answer
suffrage for the middle class
question
Adam Smith pointed out the advantages of
answer
price regulations by the law of supply and demand
question
During the 19th century, which was an important result of the agricultural revolution in England?
answer
the proportion of the population engaged in farming declined
question
In Great Britain, the effects of industrialization first became greatly manifest in the half century following
answer
1780
question
Which of the following is NOT a principle of capitalist economy?
answer
government ownership of major industries
question
The invention of machinery for spinning and weaving benefited the farmer by
answer
increasing the market for his goods
question
The 18th century Enclosure Acts in England resulted in
answer
an increase in the number of landless farmers
question
A chief reason for England's leadership in the Industrial Revolution was her
answer
iron and coal resources
question
The guild system began to decline because
answer
guild regulations retarded business expansion
question
The early Socialists, such as Robert Owen and Charles Fourier, who wished to reform society by establishing social modern communities, were called
answer
Utopians
question
Karl Marx believed in
answer
the economic interpretation of history
question
Which is not one of the beliefs of Marx?
answer
workers conditions will slowly improve under capitalism
question
Which would most accurately describe a person who is in favor of government ownership and operation of industry?
answer
socialists
question
Nationalism has not
answer
existed continuously since ancient times
question
Who would most likely agree with the statement "Citizens are justified in criticizing their government and have a duty to do so."
answer
John Locke
question
The Chartist Movement
answer
collapsed but its demands eventually became law
question
The English Agricultural Revolution was accompanied by all of the following developments except
answer
an increase in available common lands
question
One of Hegel's great contributions was his
answer
theory of the dialectic or irresistible tendency of the mind to proceed by the creation of opposites
question
According to the "Iron Law of Wages" of the classical economists,
answer
as soon as the worker got more than a subsistence wage, he would breed more children who would eat up the surplus
question
Why would Karl Marx not have expected the Communist Revolution of 1917 to take place in Russia?
answer
Russia was largely agricultural
question
What two basic reasons motivated the Revolutions of 1848?
answer
liberalism and nationalism
question
The major incentive(s) to industrialize in Britain was/were
answer
all of the above
question
Before 1848, Marx and Engels could be more accurately described as
answer
a well-educated journalist and a potentially wealthy textile manufacturer
question
Cut down on available common lands for farming in England
answer
Enclosure Laws
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New