question

In late nineteenth-century Europe, human progress was increasingly identified with

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material progress or greater consumption of material goods

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By 1871, the focus of Europeans' lives had become

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the national state

question

The "Second Industrial Revolution" saw the advent of what new product?

answer

steel

question

What type of new energy source powered the second industrial revolution?

answer

electricity

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Between 1860 and 1913, western European steel production went from

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125,000 tons to 32 million tons.

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The first internal combustion engine burning a mixture of gas and air was produced in

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1878.

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The development of markets after 1870 was best characterized by

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urban consumers in Europe who desired a growing number of consumer products.

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Industrialization in Japan was the result of

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government planning and initiative.

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Germany began to replace Britain as Europe's industrial leader by the early twentieth century due to

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Germany's development of new areas of manufacturing including chemicals and heavy electric machinery.

question

By 1900, which of the following nations was the least advanced industrially:

answer

Spain.

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In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to

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a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations

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The Second Industrial Revolution experienced

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a drop in agricultural prices.

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Employment opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution

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changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector.

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When not able to find work in the factories, many working class European women

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took jobs as clerks, shop assistants, and nurses.

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A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to

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heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival.

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A key reason for Germany supplanting England as the industrial leader of Europe was

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British entrepreneurs were suspicious of innovations and reluctant to invest in new industries.

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An issue that brought socialists together in the nineteenth century was

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the desire to improve working and living conditions for most workers.

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The Marxist revisionist Eduard Bernstein stressed the need for

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working through democratic politics to create socialism.

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The trade union movement prior to World War I

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varied from country to country, but was generally allied with socialist parties.

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Initially, trade unions in the first half of the nineteenth century functioned primarily as

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mutual aid societies.

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Anarchist movements were most successful in

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less industrialized and less democratic countries where ordinary people could see no hope of peaceful political change.

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By 1914, the nation with the largest number of trade unionists was

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England.

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Between 1850 and 1910, European population

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increased from 270 million to 460 million.

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The chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880 was

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a declining mortality rate

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The driving force behind immigration to the cities was

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job opportunities.

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Reforms in urban living included all of the following except

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a successful effort to clean up all polluted rivers and lakes.

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Octavia Hill's housing venture was designed to

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give the poor an environment they could use to improve themselves

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The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except

answer

the professional classes, including lawyers, doctors, an engineers.

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The middle classes of nineteenth-century Europe

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were very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and Christian morality.

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The largest segment of European society in the nineteenth century was composed of

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peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants

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For Elizabeth Poole Sanford, women should

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avoid being self-sufficient.

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All of the following were used to limit family size in the late nineteenth century except

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birth control pills.

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European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century

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stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles

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Daughters in European working-class families

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were fully expected to work until marriage.

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By 1900, most European educational systems

answer

were free and compulsory at least at the primary level.

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Although several motives drove European states to develop systems of mass public education for their citizens, the chief reason for which they did this was

answer

political, to produce more informed voters in expanding electorates and to heighten patriotism.

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The "father" of tourism in England was

answer

Thomas Cook.

question

Which of the following was a major development in British politics before 1914?

answer

the continual growth of political democracy

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Which of the following national groups had realized nationhood by 1871?

answer

Germans

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The Irish parliamentary leader who demand home-rule for Ireland in the 1880s was

answer

Charles Parnell.

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A new development in the age of mass leisure was

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professional sports.

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The English Reform Bill of 1884

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gave English agricultural workers the right to vote.

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Louis Napoleon's Second Empire was brought to an end by

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France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.

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Splits between the French working and middle classes

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were further widened by the brutal suppression of the Paris Commune in 1871.

question

The Boulanger Crisis in France had the end result of

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rallying French citizens to the cause of the Republic

question

Which of the following statements best applies to Spain and Italy in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Both countries remained second-rate European powers, less transformed by the economic and cultural innovations of the age

question

Under the chancellorship of Bismarck, Germany

answer

passed social welfare legislation to woo workers away from the Social Democrats.

question

Which statement best applies to the Germany under chancellor Otto von Bismarck?

answer

Coalitions were used by Bismarck to get what he wanted and then he dropped them

question

Which of the following statements best applies to Austria-Hungary before World War I?

answer

The nationality problem remained unresolved.

question

The policy pursued by Russia's Alexander III and Nicholas II after the assassination of Alexander II was a policy of

answer

autocracy.

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