AP EURO 30 – Flashcards
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detente
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a policy of progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions that Western Europe pursued
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Ostpolitik
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Willy Brandt's actions and treaty who were part of his policy of reconciliation with eastern Europe
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Helenski Accords
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The high point of the policy of detente when the US, Canada, Soviet Union, and 32 European nations signed this at the Helsinki Conference agreeing that Europe's existing political frontiers could not be changed by force; generally effective in maintaining international peace
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Second Vatican Council
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Convened from 1962 - 1965, Catholic leaders agreed on a number of reforms meant to broaden the church's appeal, or democratizing it, including saying Mass in local languages and embracing a new openness in Catholic theology
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Counterculture movement
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Emerging in the 1960s, this culture challenged the assumptions of the affluent society and was filled with rock music, etc...
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New Left
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a movement of student activists in the West who advocated simpler, purer societies based on an updated, romanticized version of Marxism
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Brezhnev Doctrine
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the doctrine that asserted the right of the Soviet Union and its allies to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need
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OPEC
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the Arab-led organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries that declared an embargo on oil shipments to the US in retaliation for the US providing military aid to Israel
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stagflation
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term coined in the early 1980s that described the combination of low growth and high inflation that led to a worldwide recession
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postindustrial society
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a society that relies on high-tech and service-oriented jobs for economic growth rather than on heavy industry and manufacturing jobs
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neoliberalism
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a philosophy conservatives of the 1980s followed whose main goal was to increase private profits, of which they believed to be the real engine of economic growth
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privatization
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the sale of state-managed industries to private owners advocated by neoliberals
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Margaret Thatcher
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The conservative British prime minister who pushed through a series of controversial free-market policies that cut spending on health care, education, and public housing, scaling back the role of government and transforming postwar Britain
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Helmut Kohl
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West Germany Christian Democrat chancellor who cut taxes and government spending, which led to solid economic growth; dismantled the Berlin Wall and reunified East and West Germany
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Provisional Irish Republican Army
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(IRA) a paramilitary organization in Northern Ireland who used terrorist attacks against the British security forces who "occupied" the district
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Solidarity movement
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an outlawed polish trade union that worked for workers' rights and political reform throughout the 1980s
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mikhail gorbachev
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Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)
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perestroika
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a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
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glasnost
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Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union.
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velvet revolution
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A peaceful protest by the Czech people that led to the smooth end of communism in Czechoslovakia.
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boris yeltsin
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President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.
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social democrats
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A political viewpoint associated with the traditional Labour Party, which believes in creating greater equality through reforms of capitalist society. Associated with the introduction of comprehensive schools
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East bloc
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Soviet allies in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Poland, East Germany, Czechosolvakia, Romania, and Hungary
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Student revolts
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these protests started over the US war in Vietnam. Many students protested at universities
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Common market
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International organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
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Lech walesa
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organized a national trade union known a solidarity. President of Poland in 1990
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Chernobyl
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The nuclear power plant in the Ukraine that suffered two large explosions which released massive amounts of radioactive materials. It is the worst nuclear accident in history and thousands were and continue to be impacted by the disaster.
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Right wing
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-Want to keep society very stable -want a strong government dominated by powerful leaders -support capitalism-the private ownership of land and business -stress the importance of the family unit, law and order and traditional values -are nationalist-placing the interests of the nation over the individual
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Green Party
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a minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and a foreign policy of nonintervention.
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Vaclav Havel
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First president of the Czech republic, and he was launched into the presidency by the Velvet Revolution. Had a multi-party democracy.
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Francois Mitterrand
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the longest serving President of France. focused on social reform programs and reduced unemployment rather than radical plans for the socialization of the French economy, replaced by Chirac after he retired in 95
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Developed socialism
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emerged in the offices of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in the late 1960s, soon after the establishment of Leonid Brezhnev's regime, which reacted to the public ideology of Nikita Khrushchev's regime.
