AP Art History: Romanesque Europe – Flashcards
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Saint-Sernin, Toulouse
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• has wider naves than original basilica and 2 aisles on each side instead of just 1 so it can house more people(from pilgrimages) • introduces piers instead of columns, has stone barrel vault ceiling with transverse arches • stone ceiling is stronger and will last longer than the old style wood ceilings-stone won't catch on fire and is more aesthetically pleasing • has regular transept, crossing square, and apse
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pier
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any kind of vertical support for the ceiling
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transverse arch
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arch that runs horizontally along the nave and is part of the barrel vault ceiling
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Cluny III
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was largest church in Europe for over 500 yrs • funded by pilgrimages
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Speyer Cathedral
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• *French use barrel vaults and the HRE uses groin vaults* (groin vaults have advantage bc they allow for use of clerestories • wasn't on pilgrimage route • westwork • nave uses groin vaults
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Sant' Ambrogio, Milan
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• has nave and groin vaults, but no transept • has big bell towers(campaniles)
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campanile
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Italian belltower used in their church architecture
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Pisa Cathedral
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• has baptistery • basilica doesn't have vaults-stays with older style flat wooden ceilings
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baptistery
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where people get baptized
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Saint-Etienne
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• westwork • buttresses • rib vault ceiling-typical for Normans note: Normans are ex-vikings and they took over the Anglo-Saxons
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rib vault
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groin vault with arches running across/overlapping in complex way
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Durham Cathedral
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• has pointed arches in ceiling(first time we see) • has half-arch on side for support-will lead to flying buttress • had to precisely cut each individual stone
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tympanum
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big half-circle right above the church door; where most sculptures can be found
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lintel
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horizontal post that often has sculptures
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trumeau
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column in the middle of the church portal between the 2 doors
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jambs
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side pieces of church portal
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archivolts
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archs around the main arch of the church portal
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Last Judgement
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• sculpture on church portal that has big central Christ in middle-typical of Romanesque • purpose is to communicate Christianity to the large illiterate population as they walk into the church • left side=people going to heaven •right side=people going to hell
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Christ In Majesty, Saint-Sernin
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• large slab found in church w/ sculpture of Christ on it • has Byzantine influence-expressionless, has nimbus, frontal figure, holding hand in a symbol of blessing • shows return to large scale marble sculpture • not realistic or Greco-Roman influenced
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Mission of the Apostles, Vezelay
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• home base of the Crusades-where they start/where the announcements were made • has Christ in middle of tympanum with his arms out in gesture-communicates message to spread Christianity • portrays non-Christians as beasts/nonhuman
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Saint Pierre, Moissac
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• has open courtyard with pierres that have sculptures • has zoomorphic capitals-influence from Northern Europe
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Portrait of Abbot Durandus
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• part of Saint Pierre • Byzantine influence-frontal figure, generic face and body
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Morgan Madonna
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• wooden 3D sculpture • 3D interpretation of Byzantine icon
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Reliquary of Sainte-Foy
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• made of gold using repousse • v expensive and extravagant, covered in jewels/stones • made to hold the skull of Sainte-Foy
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reliquary
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extravagant sculpture to display a relic
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Reliquary Head of Saint Alexander
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• repousse portrait head of Alexander • influence from Rome-is like a Roman bust(looks similar to the head of Augustus as General) • holds relic of Saint Alexander
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Bernard of Clairvaux
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• said that church shouldn't spend money on its relics and extravagance when they could use it to help the people that need it-ex: help the poor/starving
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King David
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• Kind David=biblical figure • large, stone, 3D free-standing sculpture-is a step toward/return to Greco-Roman • anatomy and pose are more realistic-isn't super detailed, but is proportional and makes sense
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Adam and Eve, Modena
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• depicts what rest of Europe is doing in art
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Codex Colbertinus
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• zoomorphic anad interlacing themes-influence from N. Europe • Byzantine influence-strange sense of space • made in monastery-is part of a book
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Moralia in Job
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• has big "R"(similar to Book of Kells)-shows knight fighting a dragon(good vs. evil) • part of religious book • Bernard of Clairvaux was against this idea
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Christ in Majesty Apse
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• very Byzantine-painted fresco version of Byzantine mosaic
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Saint-Savin-Sur-Gartemp
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• hall church • groin vault ceiling w/ biblical scenes • columns painted to look like marble(like 1st Style Roman painting)
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Scivias by Hildegard
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• shows Hildegard who was the most famous nun of Romanesque • Scivias=Hildegard's book where her visions were written down • displays parallels between Carolingian illuminated manuscript of St. Michael
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Bury Bible
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• depicts (on the top) Moses reading the Bible • on the bottom, Moses is depicted with horns of light • painter (*Master Hugo*) signed his name on the work-shows how he was a *secular artist* who's getting paid for his work, not a monk
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Eadwine Psalter
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• Eadwine=monk • on last page of Psalter, he paints portrait of himself and brags about his work-unusual at the time
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Bayeux Tapestry
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• image depicted on it is not religious • historical account of the Norman invasion of the Anglo-Saxons • similar concept as the column of Trajan
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pilgrimage
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Journey to an important religious location as a form of worship and display of devotion
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Relic
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Body parts, instruments o martyrdom, or co thing belonging to a saint or member of the holy family
