question

Midazolam is a barbiturate

answer

False

question

Methohexital is a benzodiazepine

answer

False

question

Opiate-induced respiratory depression can be treated with naloxone.

answer

True

question

Flumazenil is the antidote for midazolam overdose.

answer

True

question

Benzodiazepines can cause drowsiness, hallucinations, and amnesia.

answer

True

question

Combining opiates with benzodiazepines may produce synergistic effects.

answer

True

question

______________ medications stimulate central nervous system receptors known as opioid receptors to decrease pain perception.

answer

Opiate analgesics

question

As a class, the ____________ can cause excessive drowsiness, hiccups (midazolam), lassitude decreased dexterity, dry mouth, gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, cramping, constipation), headache, blurred vision, amnesia, paradoxical excitation, hallucinations, and choreiform movements.

answer

Benzodiazepines

question

___________ is a drug-induced relaxation allowing the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures.

answer

Conscious sedation

question

___________ occurs as a sudden, unexpected, intense attack of apprehension sometimes accompanies by physical symptoms such as agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and shortness of breath.

answer

Panic disorder

question

Which of the following is not an opiate analgesic? a) Midazolam b) Meperidine c) Morphine d) Fentanyl e) All of the above are opiate analgesics

answer

a) Midazolam

question

Which of the following is considered an antidote? a) Meperidine b) Flumazenil c) Barium sulfate d) Nalaxone e) Both b and d

answer

e) both b and d

question

What is the major difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia? a) Conscious sedation only uses the opiate medication to sedate the patient. b) The dose of medication used to sedate. c) The use of benzodiazepine medication. d) There is no difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia e) All of the above

answer

b) The dose of medication used to sedate

question

Which of the following should be immediately available before initiating conscious sedation to a patient? a) Oxygen b) Emergency cart c) Flumazenil d) Naloxone e) All of the above

answer

e) All of the above

question

According to the American Society of Anesthesiologist, the 4 levels of sedation are:

answer

1) Minimal 2) Moderate 3) Deep 4) General

question

What is the drug known as "truth serum"? a) truthserumzepine b) phentenol c) triazepam d) sodiumpenthenol e) sodepentium

answer

d) sodiumpenthenol

question

What are the effects of barbiturates on your brain?

answer

They block the neurotransmitters glutamic acid and acetylcholine, they also decrease cortical brain activity by facilitating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

question

What drug should you use to reverse the effects of opiates? a) flumazenil b) sodium barbital c) meperidine d) naloxone

answer

d) naloxone

question

The difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia is: a) dose b) type of drug c) type of administration d) type of procedure e) location of injection

answer

a) dose

question

What should be administered to a patient who responds to an opiate injection with respiratory failure and why?

answer

Naloxone should be administered as it is a reverse agent for opiates and will block the inhibitory effects of opiates on the CNS.

question

Midazolam is a a) analgesic b) barbiturate c) reversal agent d) benzodiazepine

answer

d) benzodiazepine

question

What are the 5 main reasons for sedation in imaging?

answer

1) Help with pain for long exams 2) Uncontrollable movement 3) Phobias 4) Panic disorders.

question

What is the generic name for Ativan a) Lorazepam b) Iohexinol c) Midazolam

answer

a) Lorazepam

question

List one of the 3 main opiates used for conscious sedation.

answer

1) Morphine 2) Meperidine 3) Fentanyl

question

An Anesthesiologist needs to be present for all of the following except? a) Deep Sedation b) Conscious Sedation c) General Anesthesia

answer

b) Conscious Sedation

question

Naloxone is a reversal drug for _______ overdose.

answer

Opiate

question

The only difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia is the? a) Dose patient is given b) Age of patient c) Color of bottle d) Manufacturer of sedative

answer

a) Dose patient is given

question

Thiopental, methohexital and phenobarbital are the three options for an emergency orthopedic surgery. The surgery is expected to last 20 minutes and is scheduled for today on a 42 year old male. Karen is the new nurse on staff and must report back to the physician ASAP. Which barbiturate does she get ready? a) Methohexital because it has a 90 minute effect and rapid onset b) Thiopental because it can be taken the day of and has a 45 minute duration c) Phenobarbital because it has a two hour duration d) None of the above

answer

b) Thiopental because it can be taken the day of and has a 45 minute duration

question

_________ When this happens it is a sudden, unexpected, intense state of apprehension. Sometimes including physical symptoms like tachycardia, hypertension, shortness of breath and dysrhythmias.

answer

Panic attack

question

You are asked to take a post reduction R hip x-ray. Your patient is under conscious sedation after being given Morphine. As you start to set up your portable x-ray you notice the patient is not responding as he was before. What should this patient be given to reverse the effect of the Morphine? a) Midazolam b) Flumazenil c) Fentanyl d) Naloxone

answer

d) Naloxone

question

What is the main goal of pre-assessment before administering sedative?

answer

We ask our patients the Pre-Assessment questions so that we can reduce the risks of adverse effects that can potentially arise such as respiratory or cardiovascular distress.

question

Which is not one of the 4 levels of sedation? a) Deep b) Minimal c) Light d) Moderate

answer

c) Light

question

Jimmy came into the emergency department he overdosed on oxycodone, what reversal drug would be appropriate to give Jimmy.

answer

Naloxone

question

Of the following, which is NOT classified as a barbiturate drug? a) Thiopental b) Meperidine c) Methohexital d) Phenobarbital

answer

b) Meperidine

question

Which opiate(s) is usually used for conscious sedation? a) Beta blocker b) Fentanyl c) Oxycodin d) Morphine e) b and d

answer

e) b and d

question

What are three things that should be done before giving conscious sedation?

answer

1) Getting a good history, assessing the heart and lungs and documenting airway patency. 2) Getting a good list of all allergies to food and medication, patient's last oral intake of medication, food, or fluid 3) Suction equipment hooked up

question

What type of sedation drug has a minimal effect on the heart and is not for pain control?

answer

Benzodiazepines

question

Which of the following sedation(s) requires the need of an anesthesiologist? 1) Minimal sedation. 2) Moderate sedation. 3) Deep sedation. 4) General anesthetic. a) 1 b) 2 and 4 c) 1 and 3 d) 3 and 4

answer

d) 3 and 4

question

Explain the differences between anxiety, panic disorder and phobia.

answer

Anxiety can cause a patient to be in an unpleasant state of tension. The cause is not known and it can be persistent. Panic disorder is a sudden, unexpected intense attack of apprehension. It can be followed by symptoms like agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and shortness of breath. They also have a feeling of impending doom. Phobia is a psychological condition characterized by an irrational fear that leads to avoidance.

question

Which of the following are considered barbiturates? 1) midazolam 2) thiopental 3) methohexital a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3

answer

c) 2 and 3 only

question

Which disorder may cause a patient to experience an unpleasant state of tension forewarning danger: a) Anxiety b) Panic disorder c) Phobia

answer

a) Anxiety

question

_____________ is a drug-induced relaxation allowing the patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures.

answer

Conscious sedation

question

What is a phobia?

answer

A psychological condition that consists of an irrational fear leading to avoidance.

question

Which medication is not apart of the class of Barbiturates used for conscious sedation? a) Thiopental b) Methohexital c) Phenobarbital d) Midazolam

answer

d) Midazolam

question

Which of the following are not a Barbiturate? a) Thiopental b) Midazolam c) Methohexital d) Phenobarbital

answer

b) Midazolam

question

Describe the mechanism of action of opiate analgesics and list the three main opiates used for conscious sedation.

answer

Opiate analgesic medications mechanism of action is to act on the central nervous system opiod receptors, stimulating them to decrease the perception of pain. When they are combined with antianxiety medications they provide both decreased pain and anxiety. The three main opiates used are morphine, meperidine, and fentanyl.

question

Which of the following is NOT a standard medication used for conscious sedation in the radiology department: a) general anesthesia b) barbituate c) benzodiazepine d) opiate analgesic

answer

a) general anesthesia

question

Name two of the four goals we have for analgesia and sedation.

answer

1) Control unwanted movement that may interfere with the exam 2) Quick and predictable recovery. 3) Provide adequate amnesia, sedation, and analgesia 4) Control sympathetic reflexes that can be harmful.

question

Hypertension, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and feeling of impending doom are all symptoms of what particular disorder? a) Anxiety b) Panic Disorder c) Phobia d) Claustrophobia

answer

b) Panic Disorder

question

What is the only difference between conscious sedation and general anesthesia?

answer

Dose

question

What is the recommended dose range to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines? a) 0.4 to 2 mg b) 0.2 to 1 mg c) 0.3 to 4 mg d) 0.9 to 5.5 mg

answer

b) 0.2 to 1 mg

question

Adverse effects of _____________ are excessive drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention, dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, histamine release, confusion, hallucinations, hypotension, and respiratory depression.

answer

Opiate analgesics

question

Which of the following is not classified as a Barbiturate. a) Midazolam b) Thiopental c) Phenobarbital d) Methohexital

answer

a) Midazolam

question

A patient comes into the department for a colonoscopy. The patient is in a depressed state of consciousness, is able to follow verbal commands and touch but will not remember the procedure. What type of sedation is the patient under?

answer

The patient is in a moderate or conscious sedation

question

If sedative agents are administered in too high a dose, the following may occur. a) Death b) General anesthesia c) Respiratory arrest d) All of the above e) None of the above

answer

d) All of the above

question

Phobia is which of the following? a) A psychological condition that consists of irrational fear b) Acute respiratory depression c) Cardiac arrest associated with the injection of meperidine d) A rare adverse reaction secondary to IV contrast dye e) All of the above

answer

a) A psychological condition that consists of irrational fear

question

A basic physiologic response that can be seen in the anxious and agitated patient may include which of the following? a) Decreased pain threshold b) Tachycardia, chest pain c) Palpitations, acute myocardial infarction d) Tachypnea, dyspnea, muscular weakness e) All of the above

answer

e) All of the above

question

Opiate-induced respiratory depression can be treated with: a) naloxone b) gamma-amniobutyric acid c) thiopentol d) midazolam

answer

a) naloxone

question

Which of the following is (are) frequently used for conscious sedation? a) Barbiturates b) Benzodiazepines c) Beta-blockers d) Epinephrine e) Both a and b

answer

e) Both a and b

question

A goal of conscious sedation does NOT include: a) Control parasympathetic reflexes b) Control unwanted movement c) Provide adequate amnesia, pain relief, and sedation throughout the procedure d) Predictable and quick recovery period

answer

a) Control parasympathetic reflexes

question

Anxiety may cause which of the following? a) An unpleasant state of tension b) A feeling of impending danger. c) Respiratory depression d) a and b e) a, b, and c

answer

d) a and b

question

The loss of memory around the time of a procedure is what type of event? a) Cardiac arrest b) Respiratory arrest c) Conscious sedation d) Amnesia e) Anesthesia

answer

d) Amnesia

Anxiety, Phobia, and Conscious Sedation – Flashcards

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