Anthropology Final: Ch. 8
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A belief in souls is probably found in all societies. This belief is likely derived from the experience of:
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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Differences in the concept of the soul among human societies include:
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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In some societies souls may be acquired during one's lifetime, such as through a vision. This is found among the:
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a. Jivaro
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Which of the following is true about the concept of the soul?
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a. in some societies one's soul is in one's shadow or in one's reflection in a mirror
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The term transmigration refers to:
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c. the soul being reborn into the body of an animal
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Which of the following is true about the concept of the soul in small-scale religions?
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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The Yanomamö believe in:
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a. several different souls that have different destinations after death
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The Hmong of Laos believe that:
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a. illness occurs when one of many souls is frightened out of the body or stolen by demons
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The belief that an immortal, eternal soul is born again and again in different bodies is found in:
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c. Hinduism
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In Buddhism, rebirth is seen not as the transmission of a distinct personality, but as a transmission of:
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b. karma
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The importance of ancestors in a society is often a reflection of the importance of:
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a. kinship
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The egungun are spirits that travel from the land of the dead to visit the living among the:
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b. Yoruba
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The Beng of West Africa believe that during the first several years of a baby's life:
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a. the baby's soul is transitioning from the afterlife to this world
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In Japan, a distinction can be made between ancestors and those who died in more recent memory. The latter are referred to as:
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a. the departed
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A ghost can best be thought of as:
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b. a soul that remains in the world of the living
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Much of Dani behavior, including the fear of traveling outside of the village at night, is based upon their belief in the existence of:
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c. ghosts
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In eastern European folk belief (not Hollywood folk belief) a vampire is:
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b. a person who, having died before his time, returns to life to bring death to his friends and neighbors
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Descriptions of vampires are based upon:
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b. observations made of corpses that were exhumed several months after burial
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From an etic perspective, the appearance of exhumed bodies thought to be vampires were actually the result of the:
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b. natural process of decay
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The Viking draugr was a(n):
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a. animated corpse that could wander the countryside, much like a vampire
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Haitian Zombies are:
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a. living persons who have been placed in a zombie state in order to work in the fields
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Wade Davis believes that from an etic perspective, Haitain zombies really:
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b. have been given a powder containing tetrodotoxin
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Death rituals or funerals serve many purposes among which is (are):
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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Burials differ in different societies in many ways. Among these is:
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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All of the following statements about the African Burial Ground are correct except:
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a. most of the remains are those of adults
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The term secondary burial refers to:
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c. a later burial during which the remains are dug up, processed, and reburied
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The custom of drinking the cremated ashes of the dead is found among the:
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a. Yanomamö
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The earliest examples of the American custom of embalming and the establishment of the first military cemeteries took place during the:
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c. Civil War
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American mortuary customs are characterized by:
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d. all of the above (ch.8)
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All Hallows Eve or Halloween takes place on the evening before:
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c. All Saint's Day
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The origins of Halloween can be found in a(n):
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a. ancient Celtic festival called Samhain
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The Day of the Dead in Mexico is a time for:
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b. a family reunion for all family members, living and dead
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The majority of Americans believe there is a Heaven
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True
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Among the Yup'ik the souls of the seal moves to the bladder. The bladders of all of the seals killed during the year are inflated and returned to the sea in an annual festival.
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True
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The Hmong believe that at death the soul travels to the place where its placenta (afterbirth) has been buried and puts it on like an article of clothing.
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True
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In Roman Catholicism, souls travel to one of two places: Heaven or Hell
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False
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Reincarnation means that souls are reborn as animals
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False
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The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism state that life is imperfect and inevitably involves suffering.
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True
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The Tana Toraja separate biological and social death in that social death occurs some time after biological death.
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True
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Supernatural figures such as vampires and zombies reflect our contemporary fears and anxieties.
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True
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The African Burial Ground is a Yoruba cemetery located in what is today Nigeria.
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False
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Examples of endocannibalistic anthropophagers are the Yanomamö and the Fore.
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True
