question

humans are more social than other animals because of what?

answer

Features of anatomy

question

what are the facts that guided female pelvis evolution?

answer

1. walking upright 2. babies born with big brains 3. babies have to negotiate a complicated birth canal

question

True or False. assisted child birth dates back thousands of years.

answer

False. assisted cild birth dates back to millions of years

question

midwives abstractions and baby showers are all apart of what?

answer

deep rooted evolutionary manifestation of human sociality.

question

Archaeologists study what?

answer

material culture, and written records if available.

question

biological anthropologists study what?

answer

Biological remains. shush as their genetics, growth, development, and physiological adaptation.

question

archaeologist reconstruct what?

answer

human behavior, social patterns, and cultural features. through material culture, and written records if available.

question

paleoanthropologist study what?

answer

study human evolution through skeletal materials shush as biological traces like Pollens and animal bones.

question

biological anthropologist and archaeologist share what?

answer

sum comen intrest and techniques.

question

Research Methods in archae and bio are.

answer

1. Multidisciplinary Approaches 2. Sudying the Past 3. Survey and Excavation

question

Paleontology

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study of ancient life through the fossil record.

question

Multidisciplinary Approaches

answer

scientist from diverse fields collaborate with archaeologist and biological anthropologist in the study of ancient site's. like soil science and Paleontology.

question

some collaborations you may see in the field are.

answer

palynology used to determine a site's environment at the time of occupation, physicists and chemist to help with dating techniques, Bioarchaeologists may form pictures of ancient life at a site by human skeletons to reconstruct their physical traits, health and diet.

question

bones, jewels, buildings can be evidence for what?

answer

social status

question

True or False. difference in in the chemical composition of groups of bones at a site can help determine the rich from the pour.

answer

True

question

phytolith

answer

a microscopic crystal found in many plants, including, wheat, maize, rice, beans, squash, manioc and other early domesticates.

question

phytolith

answer

do not decay.

question

phytolith on teeth remains can help reveal what.

answer

what type of diet people have.

question

starch grain analysis

answer

recovers microfossils of food plants from the stone tools used to process them.

question

starch grain

answer

is vary hard to decay. remains have been found on stone tools, pottery fragments, basketry, and human coprolites.

question

how do geologist, geographers, and other scientists in using satellite images help anthropologist.

answer

by finding footpaths, roads, canals, and irrigation systems. which can be investigated on ground.

question

remote sensing

answer

use of aerial photos and satellite images to locate sites on the ground.

question

remote sensing can also be used for what

answer

to show patterns of the recent past past. like sites of flooding and devastation. to see which regions where severely devastated.

question

fossils

answer

are remains, traces, or impressions, of ancient life forms.

question

the most and direct method in finding the date of artifacts is.

answer

radiometric

question

what dose a field crew do?

answer

survey, map the land and stare searching for bones and artifacts eroding out of the soil. also they take pollen and soil,samples ecological analysis.

question

sediments and other geological samples suggest what?

answer

climtatic conditions at the time of deposition.

question

the most common local approach is to what?

answer

excavate, or dig through layers in a site.

question

the regional approach includes.

answer

remote sensing.

question

what are the two key fieldwork strategies archaeologist use?

answer

systematic survey and excavation.

question

systematic survey

answer

a regional perspective by gathering information on settlements patterns over a large area.

question

settlement patterns

answer

how people grouped themselves and interacted spatially.

question

regional survey reconstruct settlement patterns by asking what questions?

answer

where were sites located? how big were they? what kinds of building did they have? how old are the sites?

question

with regional data many archaeologist can address many questions about what?

answer

prehistoric communities that lived in a given area.

question

Ture or False the increase in social complexity settlement patterns become more elaborate. population levels rise.

answer

True

question

trade and warfare have what?

answer

place an in portent role in the location of sites.

question

regional centers did what to smaller sites with less agricultural differentiation?

answer

exerted control over them.

question

Excavation

answer

digging through deposits that make up a site. layers called strata

question

strata

answer

establish the time order of materials.

question

nobody digs with out a reason why?

answer

it is labor-intensive and expensive.

question

(CRM) Cultural Resources Management

answer

manage the preservation of archaeological sites that are threatened by modern development.

question

before a site is excavated it is what?

answer

surface collected and mapped to know where exactly to dig.

question

a grid to subdivide the site allows archaeologist to what

answer

enable the researchers to record the exact location of the artifacts.

question

Arbitrary levels is soil removed systematically from the excavation unit. it is done for a quick way of digging how?

answer

every thing with in a certain depth is removed at once. normal done in test pits.

question

test pits

answer

used to determine how deep a site goes and establishes a rough chronology of that site.

question

What is more labor intensive and refined a way of excavating?

answer

Digging through the stratigraphy one layer at a time. providing more information about the context of the artifacts or features. Providing a more detailed picture.

question

to insure small and covered the soil is passed through what?

answer

Screens.

question

To recover very small remains archaeologist use what technique?

answer

Flotation

question

Flotation

answer

Soil samples are sorted using water and a series of very fine meshes, when water dissolves the soil, the carbonized plant remains float to the top.

question

Because flotation is time-consuming. Quotation samples are taking from what limited number of deposits?

answer

House floors, trash pits and hearths.

question

Experimental archaeologist

answer

Try to replace ancient techniques and processes under controlled conditions. Work with remains much more recent than advent of writing.

question

Colonial archaeologist

answer

Our historical or geologist use written records as guides to locate and excavate Post-contact sites in North and South America and to verify or question the written accounts

question

Classical archaeologist

answer

Are you affiliated with university departments of classics or the history of art, rather than anthropology departments. Focus on literate civilizations of the world such as Greece, Rome, and Egypt.

question

What is the difference between classical archaeologist and the typical anthropological archaeologist.

answer

Classical archaeologist are often more interested in the style of architecture and sculpture then in the social, economic, and political features.

question

Underwater archaeologist

answer

Investigates submerged sites, most often shipwrecks. Special techniques include remotely operated vehicles, divers also do a underwater survey and excavation.

question

Some CRM archaeologist

answer

are contract archaeologist who typically negotiate specific contracts for their studies.

question

True or false. The chance of fossilization increases when remains are buried, in silt gravel, sand, and volcanic ash.

answer

True

question

Good places for bone preservation includes what?

answer

Swamps, floodplains, Rive deltas, lakes, and cakes.

question

To study of the process that affect the remains of dead animals is called what.

answer

Taphonomy

question

Taphonomy processes include what?

answer

Scattering by carnivores and scavengers distortion buy various forces and the possible fossilization of the remains.

question

The condition under which fossils or found influence the fossil record.

answer

Fossils tomorrow likely to be uncovered through erosion and aired areas then in what areas.

question

paleoanthropologist

answer

The study of ancient humans and there immediate ancestors. Established the time frame

question

Dating may be

answer

relative or absolute

question

Relative dating

answer

establishes a timeframe in relation to other strata materials rather than absolute dating in numbers.

question

stratigraphy

answer

the science that examines the ways in which earth sediments accumulate in strata.

question

fluorine absorption analysis.

answer

Bones fertilizing in the same ground for the same length of time absorb the same portion fluorine from the local groundwater.

question

Fossils can be dated more precisely, with dates and numbers this is what

answer

absolute dating. Note that absolute dating is that in name only; it may give range of numbers rather then exact dates.

question

carbon-14 technique is used to

answer

date organic remains.determine a fossils date of death or the date of in ancient campfire.less dependable for specimens older than 40,000 year.

question

potassium-Aragon technique. K 40

answer

metric dating techniques.is far longer than carbon-14. With this method the older the specimen the more reliable the dating. can only be used on in organic substances like rocks and minerals.cannot be used to materials list then 500,000 years old.

question

uranium series dating

answer

measures vision tracks produced touring the decay of radio active uranium U 238 into lead

question

thermoluninescence TL and electron spin resonance ESR.

answer

Measure of electrons that are constantly being trapped in rocks and mineral.

question

Dendrochronology

answer

or tree ring skating, as a method of absolute dating based on the study and comparison of patterns of tree ring group because trees grow by adding one ring every year, Counting the rings reveals the age of the tree.

question

Dendrochronology

answer

wide range grew doing what years, while narrow rings grew during dry years.

question

Dendrochronology

answer

moisture, cold, or drought, produce a distinctive year by year ring pattern.

question

Dendrochronology

answer

limited to certain tree species those growing in climate with changing seasons. The technique works with Oak Pine Kuiper fire boxwood Joel spruce and occasionally chestnut.

question

Molecular anthropology

answer

uses genetic analysis to estimate evolutionary relationships.

question

Molecular anthropology

answer

reconstruct waves and patterns of migration in settlement

question

haplogroup

answer

is the biological lineage define by a specific cluster of genetic traits that occur together.

question

garbology

answer

using garbage to interpret behavior among contemporary humans.

question

Bone biology

answer

he study of bones as a biological tissue, Including its genetics; cell structure; growth, development, and decay; and patterns of movement.

question

Paleopathology

answer

is the study of disease and injury and skeletons from archaeological sites.

question

Anthropometry

answer

is the measurement of human body parts and dimensions, Including skeletal parts

question

Primatology

answer

considered a subfield of biological anthropology. Primate studies are useful to paleoanthropologist who are attempting to understand the behavior and social life of ancient hominins.

question

Ethical issues

answer

need to negotiate the matter of where the Materials produced by the research will be analyzed and stored-and the host country or In the anthropologist country-for how long

question

informed consent

answer

agreement to take part in the research-After having been informed about its nature, procedures, the possible impacts, should be obtained from anyone he provides information or if you might be affected by the research.

question

primates can't give informed consent

answer

government agencies or nongovernmental organizations NGO hey be entrusted with protecting Primates.

question

Informed consent for living humans

answer

must be told how the samples will be collected, used, and identified, and about the potential cost and benefits of them. needed from anyone providing Data or information

question

North America anthropologist working in an Another country

answer

to 1 include host country colleagues in their research planning and request for funding, 2 established truly collaborative relationships with those colleagues and their institutions before, Doreen, and after fieldwork, 3 include host country colleagues in dissemination come including publication, of the research results, and 4 and sure that something is given back to host country colleagues

question

ethical issues continue to rise.

answer

Lawsuits against museums by groups seeking the repatriation of remains and artifacts have become common.

question

. The native American graves protection and repatriation act NAGPRA

answer

gives a ownership of native American remains to native Americans.

question

The 1996 Discovery in Washington state of skeleton dubbed Kennywick man

answer

Judge John shoulder kiss ruled that the Kennewick man remains could be subject to scientific study.

question

, The American anthropologist cool Association AAA offers a code of ethics.

answer

nthropologists have obligations to their scullery field, to the wider society and culture, and to the human species, other species, in that environment. Anthropologist for concern should be to do no harm to people, animals, or artifacts being studied

question

code of ethics addresses

answer

be open and honest about their research projects with all parties affected by the research. These parties should be informed about the nature, Procedures, purpose, Potential impact, and source of support for the research. Researchers should pay attention to proper relations between themselves as a guest in the host nations and committees where they work

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