question

According to Lassiter, anthropologists associate the development of modern ethnography with:

answer

Bronislaw Malinowski

question

Ethnography is:

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A field method for studying culture A way of writing about culture

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The ethnographic research method that relies primarily on direct involvement with people as they go about their daily lives (through taking part in their lice and paying attention to what they do) is called:

answer

Participant-observation

question

The mental and physical discomfort that often accompanies an encounter between two different systems of meaning:

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Culture shock

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Lassiter writes that ethnoscience as a method of writing about culture emphasizes:

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Emic Knowledge

question

Emic knowledge is an outsider's explanation of a particular cultural practice

answer

False

question

According to Clifford Geertz, ethnography is better seen as a kind of interpretation rather than a record of undisputed fact

answer

True

question

Anthropologists tend to believe that they have to eliminate all their biases in order to do rigorous, objective ethnography

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False

question

Anthropoligists generally believe that fieldwork helps them to avoid culture shock

answer

False

question

Ethnography is useful for learning about other cultural groups, but tells us nothing about ourselves

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False

question

According to Lassiter, the most stable form of cultural adaption humans have ever developed is:

answer

Foraging

question

Ethnographers working with foraging groups were initially surprised by:

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How well nourished they were, how little they worked, and how little they suffered disease

question

In her research on prostitution in New York City and Atlanta, Claire Sterk found that the women she worked with:

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Developed strategies dealing with pimps, customers, and law officers that helped them gain a sense of control over their lives

question

Richard Lee's fieldwork among the !Kung in the Kalahari provides evidence of:

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A culture that had developed elaborate rules of exchange and recognition in order to maintain egalitarian social relations in harsh environmental conditions

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According to Lassiter, humans most likely knew about the domestication of plants and animals long before they actually chose to practice it

answer

True

question

According to Lassiter, the adoption of agriculture reduced the mobility of groups of humans, which eventually made them dependent on trade for survival

answer

True

question

While doing fieldwork in the Kalahari, Richard Lee discovered that the !Kung always emphasized their gratitude toward others in order to make them feel uniquely worthy and special

answer

False

question

Claire Sterk's fieldwork among sex-workers in New York and Atlanta shows that successful anthropological work requires distance from the people that anthropologists work with in order to remain objective and make clear moral judgments

answer

False

question

According to Horace Miner's article, a basic idea in Macirema culture is that a person's oral condition is very important in developing successful relationships

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True

question

According to Lassiter, the larger cultural framework that mediates our relationship with the environment at a global level is powerfully shaped by:

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Both market and state systems

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According to Schultz and Lavenda, capitalism refers to:

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An economic system dominated by the supply-demand price mechanism called market A way of life that grew up win response and in service to the market

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Political conquest of one society by another, followed by cultural domination and enforced social change, is a definition of:

answer

Colonialism

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Appfel-Marglin reports that many indigenous thinkers, activists, and groups have concluded that the best path for colonized people in response to colonization is:

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Acting and thinking in ways far removed from those of the modern West

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In "The Price of Progress", Bodley argues that

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Anthropological evidence suggests that incorporation into the world-market economy has been harmful to the health and standards of living of most tribal people

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According to the authors of "Why can't people feed themselves", European colonial rule in Africa and Asia:

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Actively destroyed indigineous food ststems by taking over land, both for the benefit of colonial commerical enterprises and in order to generate a constantly vulnerable and available labor force:

question

The effect of the fur trade on North American indigenous groups was to significantly boost their economic power and so strengthen their societies

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False

question

One of the key dimensions of capitalist economy is that goods are produced primarily for sale rather than for user

answer

True

question

Before Capitalism, there had never been complex commercial activity anywhere in the world

answer

False

question

Although Western European colonial contact with the rest of the world was focused on the extraction of material wealth, it was received enthusiastically by various groups because it promoted cross cultural understanding

answer

False

question

Schultz and Lavenda agree with the assumption that the cultures of people dominated by the West are doomed to disappear and that members of such societies will have to adopt Western ways or perish

answer

False

question

Fieldwork is a dialectical process in which the fieldworker and the informant

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-Begin with little or nothing in terms of shared experience -Engage in dialogue with each other about the activities going on around them -Consciously shift perspectives: Each thinks critically about own experience in relation to that of others (reflexivity)

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Ethnographic Fieldwork

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An extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life an anthropologist is interested

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Milinowski "Culture As Functional"

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Each different part of culture fulfilled a particular function to fulfill particular human needs of a group of people

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Interpersonal power:

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Relations between individuals

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Organizational power:

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How individuals or social units can limit the actions of other individuals in certain social settings

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Structural power:

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How local social settings are organized into larger social structures: How social labor is allocated across social settings

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Hegemony:

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Ideology of dominant group as norm, benefits them disproportionately while perceived to benefit all

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Form of power preoccupied with bodies- the bodies of citizens and the social body itself

answer

Biopower

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The art of governing appropriate to promoting the welfare of populations within a state

answer

Governmentality

question

Anthropologists define power as:

answer

The capacity to transform

question

According to Eric Wolf, which of the following terms refers to the power to organize social settings and control the allocation/distribution of social labor at a large scale:

answer

Structual Power

question

In traditional Western political thought, the prototype of legitimate power in human social relations is based on:

answer

Sovereignty base on physical coercion

question

Foucault's concepts of bio-power and governmentality draw attention to the fact that:

answer

The identification of specific human populations, and the use of knowledge about them to regulate and manage them, is a modern phenomonenon

question

Based on their comparative ethnographic and historical research, most anthropologists disagree with Hobbe's view that a strong state is necessary to maintain social order

answer

True

question

Anthropologists have found the concept of hegemony to be useful because it emphasizes domination and physical force, instead of focusing on cultural symbols and practices, in struggles to consolidate social organizations and political control

answer

False

question

Azande commoners did not accuse chiefs of witchcraft mainly because they feared retribution if they made their suspicions public

answer

False

question

According to Gramsci, rulers who provide some genuine benefits to their subjects, but spread an ideology that justifies their rile and succeeds in protecting their privileges, are exercising hegemony

answer

True

question

The study of social power in anthropology shows us that power is not embedded in social and cultural contexts and relations, but is only effective when it are owned and used by powerful people

answer

False

question

The study of power in human social and cultural groups is known as:

answer

Political Anthropology

question

Human beings use knowledge that they learn from their environment to survive. They continuously add to, change, and transmit this knowledge to subsequent generations

answer

Cultural Reproduction

question

small scale nonindustrial cultivation of plants; crop rotation

answer

Horticulture

question

domestication, control, and breeding of a specific herd of animals

answer

Pastoralism

question

An economic system dominated by the supply‐demand price mechanism called the market.

answer

Capitalism

question

The persistence of profound social and economic entanglements linking former colonial territories to their former colonial rulers despite political sovereignty

answer

Neocolonialism

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