Anthropology 1000 final pt. 1 – Flashcards
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Biological anthropologists study _____________.
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Human Evolution Primates Human Biological Plasticity
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The American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics is _____________.
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Designed to ensure that all anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, the host communities that allow them to conduct their research, and to society in general.
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What kind of researcher has traditionally studied small, non-western populations?
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Ethnographer
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Cultural relativism
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Concept that the behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture
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What kinds of people do anthropologists consider to be "cultured"?
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All people
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The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is called ______________.
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Sociolinguistics
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The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and expressions is known as ______.
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Kinesics
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Most professional linguists regard BEV as a _________.
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A dialect of English
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What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?
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Family of orientation
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What is the name of the custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband?
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Levirate marriage
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The gift that a wife's group gives to her husband's family is known as _____________.
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Dowry
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________________ is a kinship link created by marriage, such as the bond between a man and his wife and her family.
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Affinity
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Typically Language Extinction occurs when __________.
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The children do not speak the language at home.
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The set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society or population is defined as ________________.
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Culture
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The Highlanders, in Papua New Guinea, believed that the Leahy brothers were _________________.
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Ancestors from the dead Spirits "Lightning" from the sky
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The type of kinship system practiced in our western society is known as the _______________ pattern.
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Eskimo
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McDonaldization, Creolization, and Clash of Cultures are ____________.
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Terms that describe various forms of Culture Contact
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The range of problems encountered by anthropologists when they conduct ethnographic fieldwork is __________.
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Descried in Napoleon Chagnon's article
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Cultural Universals
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Classifying people by age and gender Communicating with verbal language Raising children in some sort of family
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The Yanomamo in the Amazon practice cross cousin marriage because __________.
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It establishes protective alliances with people in other villages.
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Maladaptive customs ____________.
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Are detrimental to the culture.
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Communicating with verbal language, classifying people by age and gender, and having sexual division of labor are all examples of _______________.
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Cultural Universals
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In the National Geographic video we watched in class, honor killing was carried out in the nation of ___________.
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NOT china, cuba, north korea, or iran. probably India
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The field of ethnography/participant observation was pioneered by ____________.
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NOT mead, harris, or sagdiyev
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Among tribal societies in the Middle East, _____________ is a useful mechanism for protection against foreign invaders.
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NOT exogamy, endogamy, polyandry, or polygyny
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Anthropology is unique in that it is holistic and cross-cultural.
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True
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Linguistic anthropologists study how language vary in time and space, and how language and culture influence each other.
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True
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The origin of American anthropology is traced to an interest in the origins and diversity of Native Americans.
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True
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The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.
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True
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Paleopathology is the study of disease and injury in skeletons.
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True
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Culture is transmitted genetically.
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False
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Black English Vernacular is a distinct language.
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False
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The term diglossia or code switching is used to refer to linguistic groups that use only two basic color terms (black and white or dark and light),
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False
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Your nuclear family includes three generations, you, your parents, and your grandparents.
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False
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The caste system if India is an extreme example of exogamy.
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False
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Exogamy is the practice of seeking a mate within one's own group.
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False
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People have a genetic predisposition to engage in incest.
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False
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The concept of cultural relativism was developed by Franz Boas.
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True
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Among the Turkana in E. Africa a man often needs his wives' permission if he wishes to marry another woman.
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True
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The purpose of both levirate and Sororate marriages is to continue the bond between two families, which were initially formed through marriage.
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True
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In the "Aims of Ethnology," Boas argues that indigenous belief systems are as complex as our own, that the human mind develops everywhere according to the same laws and that ethnocentrism is a valid research strategy.
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False
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Today in anthropology, cultural relativism is not moral position, but methodological one. It states: to understand another culture fully, you must try to see how people in that culture see things. This approach does not preclude making moral judgments or taking action.
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True
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A culture materialists would argue that the Hindu taboo against killing cattle arose because this type of animal is worth more alive than dead.
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True
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Culture is synonymous with civilization.
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False
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A liberal arts education is intended to provide general knowledge on the humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences.
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True
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"Consanguinal" refers to an individual who is related to another person by marriage.
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False
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Diglossia is the concept that a culture is similar to a biological organism, with various parts supporting the operation of the whole.
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False
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In a society with matrilineal descent, if the mother and father produce a son, the son's children will be apart of his parent's descent group.
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False
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When people use a makeshift language in the workplace to communicate, it is called pidgin language.
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True
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Norms are standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior in a society.
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True
