ANTH 1013 Ch. 1 LO and Quiz – Flashcards
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Anthropology
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The study of humankind, viewed from the perspectives of all people and all times
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Four branches of anthropology:
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-Cultural -Linguistic -Physical/Biological -Archaeology *No anthropologist is expected to be an expert in all four*
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Cultural anthropology
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Study of modern human societies through the analysis of the origins, evolution, and variation of culture
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Archaeology
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The study of historic human populations through the analysis of material remains
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Linguistic Anthropology
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The study of the construction, use and form of language in human populations
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Physical (Biological) Anthropology
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The study of the evolution, variation, and adaption of humans and their past and present relatives
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Importance of the biocultural approach
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-The interrelationship between biology and culture -What humans have inherited genetically and culturally
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Relationship between biology and culture
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-Biocultural apporach -Humans are both biological and cultural beings
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Physical anthropologists as an interdisciplinary science
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-Their constant borrowing from other disciplines -Draws on and influences research in many related fields
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Six major attributes of humans
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-Bipedalism -Nonhoning chewing -Complex material culture and tool use -Speech -Hunting -Dependence on domesticated foods
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Steps involved in "doing science" (Scientific Method)
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1. Observations 2. Hypothesis 3.Predictions (If...then...) 4.Test (observations, experiments): -Hypothesis Supported -Hypothesis rejected.
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Hypotheses
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Testable statements that potentially explain specific phenomena observed in the natural world
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Theory
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a set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading to their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of scientific phenomena
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Humans different from other animals
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-Humans are product of millions of years of evolutionary history and their own personal life histories
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Via scientific method
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Physical anthropologists know what they know...
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-Genes, health, lifestyle
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Physical anthropologists can understand human biological variation by looking at changes in:
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-Evolution; variation
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Physical anthropology is the study of human __________ and human _________.
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The biocultural approach
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Your professor researches the Turkana pastoralists of Kenya, investigating both the genetic changes that allow them to easily digest milk and the role that dairy animals have played in their history. Your professor most likely uses which of the following methods in her research?
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the biocultural approach
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Your professor researches the Turkana pastoralists of Kenya, investigating both the genetic changes that allow them to easily digest milk and the role that dairy animals have played in their history. Your professor most likely uses which of the following methods in her research?
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False
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The environment does not affect humans' biological makeup.
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Our species now completely depends on culture for its survival.
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Humankind is still evolving, but recent genetic changes are often less interesting to physical anthropologists than are the striking evolutionary changes that differentiated our hominid ancestors from apes. What is a possible reason for this?
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A scientific hypothesis can:
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-predict future outcomes. -be refuted by new information. -help to explain observed phenomena.
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variation in the chimps' fur color
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An anthropologist wants to know more about the lifestyle of our human ancestors and is studying modern primates (chimpanzees) for clues to the past. What aspect of these chimps' lives is LEAST likely to interest her?
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stone tools
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Modern humans lost the typical primate honing canine used for food processing because of which invention?
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Woodlands
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New research in Ethiopia in 2001 changed the way we think about human origins by demonstrating that the earliest hominids lived in:
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-Identify a problem -state a hypothesis -collect data -test the hypothesis.
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Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in the proper order?
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Aleš Hrdli?ka
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One of the key figures in the creation of physical anthropology in the United States was Czech-born __________________, who started the field's preeminent journal and professional society.
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False
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Physical anthropologists study only Africa, where humans evolved.
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-modern hunter-gatherers in Africa -human skeletons from ancient Rome -primate behavior
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A physical anthropologist would study which of the following?
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creating a glossary of the local language, using methods of linguistic anthropology
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Several forensic anthropologists have dealt with the aftermath of Argentina's "Dirty War" (1970s and 1980s) during which many people disappeared. Which of the following techniques would be inappropriate for anthropologists to use in attempting to find and identify these individuals?
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Your report does not attempt to test a hypothesis.
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For your physical anthropology research project, you report that you measured the length of 150 gorilla thighbones, and you suggest that the two groups you found represent different sexes. What problem might your professor have with this report?
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True
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Physical anthropology and biological anthropology are equivalent.
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forensic anthropology
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Your best friend's great-uncle went missing in action during his Pacific tour of duty during World War II. Your friend wants to find out what happened to these enlisted men and women and to bring them home. What course of study would you suggest your friend pursue in college?
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material culture.
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Charles Darwin is dressed in clothing appropriate for living in England. This illustrates humans' ability to deal with their environment through:
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pottery and stone tools
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Which of the following would a physical anthropologist NOT study to learn more about humans?
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climbing a tree
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Which of the following is NOT a uniquely human activity?
