Ancient History- Greece, Athens, Sparta, Macedonia – Flashcards
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Troy
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an independent trading city located in Anatolia that fought in the Trojan War against Greece
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Heinrich Schliemann
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a German archaeologist that found the remains of Troy
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Iliad/Odyssey
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two poems, written by Homer, that were about the Trojan War
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Peloponnesus
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the Southern part of Greece where Sparta was located
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hoplite
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a Greek foot soldier that was heavily armed and heavily armoured
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ephors
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five elected officials that carried out the laws in Sparta
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black porridge
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the food that Spartan military trainees ate to toughen them up
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Role of Spartan Women
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managed the family estates, ran, wrestled, gymnastics, and put polis first
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Draco
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Athenian lawmaker that was known for writing very strict, harsh leagl code
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Solon
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a trusted salesman who, in 594 BC, was chosen to head the government; undid most of Draco's laws
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Battle of Marathon
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a battle, in 490 BC, where 25,000 Persians fought 110,000 disciplined Athenian soldiers beat the Persians
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Battle of Thermopylae
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a three-day long battle, where the Greeks beat the Persians and Xerxes
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Xerxes
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the son and successor of Darius the Second that tried to crush Greece
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Battle of Salamis
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a battle in 480 BC, where the Greeks beat the Persians in a narrow channel
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Battle of Platea
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a battle in 479 BC, where the Spartans defeated the rest of the Persians and won the Persian War
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Pericles
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a wise and able statesman that lead Athens during their Golden Age for 32 years
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Age of Pericles
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the time period, 461 to 429 BC, where Pericles dominated the life of Athens
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Delian League
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the group of 140 Greek city-states that practiced a direct democracy
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Parthenon
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an Athenian temple made on top of Acropolis to honor the godess Athena
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Sophists
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a group of Greek philosophers that questioned people's unexamined beliefs and ideas about justice
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The Republic
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Plato's most famous work that discussed his idea of how a perfect government should be ran
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The Academy
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a school in Athens founded by Plato in 387 BC that lasted for nearly 900 years
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Gaugamela
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the place of the battle when the Macedonians and Alexander the Great beat the Persians and Darius the Third
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Ptolemy
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one of Alexander's generals that seized Egypt after his death
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Seleucus
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one of Alexander's generals that took the old Persian Empire after his death
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Antigonus
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one of Alexander's generals that became king of Macedonia and Greece after his death
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Myceneans
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Indo-European people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2,000 BC
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Trojan War
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a war, fought around 1,200 BC, in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia
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Dorians
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Greek-speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization
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Homer
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greatest storyteller in Ancient Greece, that wrote the Iliad and Odyssey; he was blind
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epics
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long, narrative poems celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes
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myths
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traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a story
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polis
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a Greek city-state- the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 BC
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acropolis
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a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city, in which the Parthenon was located on top of
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monarchy
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a government in which power is in the hands of a single person
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aristocracy
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a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
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oligarchy
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a government in which power is in the hands of a few people- especially one in which rule is based upon wealth
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phalanx
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military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields
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tyrant
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a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support
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helot
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in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land
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democracy
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a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives
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Persian Wars
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a series of wars in the fifth century BC, in which Greek city-states battled in the Persian Empire
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direct democracy
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a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives
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classical art
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the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and balance were emphasized
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tragedy
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a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character
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comedy
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a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire
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Peloponnesian War
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a war, last from 431 to 404 BC, in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and their allies
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philosophers
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thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality
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Socrates
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the "Father of Philosophy"; a philosopher that believed that absolute standards existed for truth and justice
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Plato
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a student of Socrates that wrote the Republic, and founded the Academy, that wrote down conversations of Socrates for philosophical investigation
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Aristotle
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a philosopher rival of Plato that questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge
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Philip the Second
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King of Macedonia, starting in 359 BC, that hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC
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Macedonia
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an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler, Philip the Second, conquered Greece in 338 BC
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Demosthenes
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Athenian orator who tried to warn the Greeks of Philip and Macedonia's army and their plan
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Alexander the Great
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the son of Philip the Second, who was tutored by Aristotle, that conquered known world while leading Macedonia
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Darius the Third
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the Persian King that vowed to crush the Macedonians with a military with 50,000 to 75,000 men
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Barbarians
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any non-Greek person or foreigner
