Ancient Greek Study Guide – Flashcards
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Polis
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A city-state in ancient Greece.
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Athens
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This city was the seat of Greek art, science, and philosophy.
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Sparta
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A powerful Greek miliary polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.
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Monarchy
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A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all.
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Philosophy
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A system of beliefs and values
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Hellenism
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Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences.
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Corinthian Columns
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columns that are very fancy at the top; with acanthus leaves, etc
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Capitol
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A building where a legislative body of a republic, state or country meets
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Democracy
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A form of government in which citizens govern themselves
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Dictatorship
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A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
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Autocracy
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A system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual
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Direct Democracy
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A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
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Socrates
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(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.
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Alaxandria,Egypt
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A city-state conquered by Alexander the Great which he called Alexandria located in Egypt.
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Frieze
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decorative border
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Tragedy
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A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character
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Representative Democracy
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A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people.
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Anarchy
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Absence of government
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Oligarchy
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A government ruled by a few powerful people
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Junta
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a military group ruling a country after seizing power
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Plato
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(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection.
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Allegory of the Cave
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A comparison of the effect of education and the lack of it on our nature.
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Pilar
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A thick pole that supports Greek Architecture
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Hubris
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Excessive pride or self-confidence
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Theocracy
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A government controlled by religious leaders
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Helot
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A slave in Ancient Sparta
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Boule
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Council of 500
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Ekklesia
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greek word for church
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Aristotle
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A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato
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Doric Columns
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very simple, plain columns that are round and square at the top
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Lintel
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A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.
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Oedipus Rex
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(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta
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Dikasteria
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Greek jury; 500 jurors chosen daily using kleroterion; had unlimited power
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Pericles
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Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.
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Persian Wars
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A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious.
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Peloponnesian Wars
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431-404 BCE wars between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece
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Alexander the Great
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Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.
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Ionic Columns
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tall, slender, scroll-shaped capital-column
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Pediment
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triangular gable on a roof or facade
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Philosopher King
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The type of government that Plato wanted to establish
