Anatomy(M1): Lesson 2: Osteology- The Study of Bones – Flashcards
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axial skeleton
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-includes the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum and coccyx -lower limb connects to this skeleton w/ pelvic girdle -upper limb connects to this skeleton w/ pectoral girdle
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appendicular skeleton
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-includes all other bones of the skeleton besides the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum and coccyx -appendages
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types of bones (5)
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long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones
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examples of long bones
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femur, tibia, metatarsals
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examples of short bones
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carpals, tarsals
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examples of flat bones
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ribs, some bones of the skull, sternum
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examples of irregular bones
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vertebrae, os coxae
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sesamoid bones
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patella
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gross anatomy of a long bone (12 terms)
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articular cartilage, compact bone, diaphysis, endosteum, epiphyseal line, epiphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum, nutrient foramen, spongy bone, red marrow, and yellow marrow
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articular cartilage
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-thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each epiphysis -helps to reduce friction btw 2 articulating bones in synovial joint
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compact bone
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the solid outer layer of bone
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diaphysis
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shaft
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endosteum
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internal surface of the bone
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epiphyseal line
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region where the epiphysis and diaphysis fuse after the epiphyseal plate is no longer needed to lengthen the bone
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epiphysis
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expanded knobby region located at each end of a long bone
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medullary cavity
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hollow space w/in the diaphysis; filled w/ yellow marrow
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periosteum
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covers the outer surface of the bone
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nutrient foramen
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hole thru which the nutrient artery passes
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spongy bone
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porous type of bone connective tissue; contains red blood marrow
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red marrow
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type of connective tissue w/in epiphyses; location of blood cell production
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yellow marrow
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fatty tissue present w/in the medullary cavity
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functions of skeleton (5)
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support, movement, protection, storage of minerals, and hemopoiesis (production of blood cells)
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bone markings
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-surface features on bones -they can serve as attachment sites for muscles, passageway for blood vessels and nerves, or articular surfaces
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bone markings (14 terms)
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process, trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle, spine, crest, fossa, foramen, head, condyle, facet, fovea, meatus, sulcus
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process
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a roughened bony prominence; typically serves as the site of attachment for muscles or connective tissue structures
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trochanter
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a relatively large, blunt process found only on the femur
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tuberosity
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a large, blunt or rounded process or roughened surface
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tubercle
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a small, blunt or rounded process
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spine
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a pointed projection of bone
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crest
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a prominent border that may be rough
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fossa
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a shallow depression
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foramen
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a hole in a bone; size is variable
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head
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a rounded articular surface
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condyle
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a smooth structure, either concave or convex, joined directly to the shaft of a long bone
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facet
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a smooth surface for articulation
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fovea
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deep cylindrical depression
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meatus
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canal
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sulcus
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groove or depression
