Anatomy: Nervous System & Local Anesthesia Ch 8&9 – Flashcards
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the nerves that allow us to cry are _______________ and __________________ nerve from the _________________ nerve and the ______________ ________________ nerve from the ____________ nerve.
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v1 ophthalmic, lacrimal, trigeminal, greater petrosal, facial
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what cranial nerves innervate the parotid gland?
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auriculotemporal nerve of trigeminal and lesser petrosal nerve of glossopharyngeal
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which cranial nerves innervate the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
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chorda tympani nerve of facial and lingual nerve of trigeminal
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the ___________ _____________ nerve of the _____________ nerve innervates the minor salivary glands -associated to the hard and soft palate -von Ebner's buccal/labial lingual mucosa
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greater petrosal, facial
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which cranial nerves innervate the tongue?
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trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal
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which cranial nerve provides movement to the tongue?
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hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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what cranial nerves provide general sensation to the tongue?
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lingual nerve of trigeminal (V), chorda tympani nerve of facial (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) (base)
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what cranial nerves provide taste sensation to the tongue?
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chorda tympani nerve of facial, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus
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what are the mixed facial nerve divisions?
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greater petrosal nerve, chorda tympani nerve
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what are the efferent facial nerve divisions?
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posterior auricular nerve, stylohyoid nerve, posterior digastric nerve
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what are the facial nerve simple branches to the muscles of facial expression (not separate nerves) originate in the parotid gland
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temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
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____________ _____________ can be unilateral/bilateral or ________________/_____________
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facial paralysis, transient, permanent
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what three things can possibly cause facial paralysis?
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stroke, trauma, brain injury
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caused by an incorrectly administered IANB
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transient facial paralysis
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transient facial paralysis will present with ___________ eyebrow/eyelid/labial commissure, _______________ (may not be able to eat/talk well), _______________ susceptibility to _____________.
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drooping, dribbling, increased, infection
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when a patient has transient facial paralysis, they cannot show _________________, ___________ their eyes, or ________________.
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expression, close, whistle
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unknown cause - thought to be from a virus
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Bell's Palsy
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occurs in one or more of the branches of the facial nerve
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paralysis
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what are 3 treatments for Bell's Palsy?
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anti-virals (botox), inflammatory drugs, physical therapy
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another name for the trigeminal neuralgia It occurs on the ____________ side of the face and is usually more affected than the left.
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Tic douloureux, right
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trigeminal neuralgia involves what nerve and branches?
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v2 maxillary and v3 mandibular of trigeminal
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in trigeminal neuralgia, excruciating painful _____ or short-term muscle ______________ occur often near the _________ or _______.
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tics, spasms, eyes, ala
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what are 5 treatments for trigeminal neuralgia?
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anti-depressant drugs, anti-convulsant drugs, surgery, neurectomy, chemical (alcohol) injection
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what nerve block has crossover anesthesia?
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anterior superior alveolar (ASA)
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what nerve blocks use pressure anesthesia?
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greater palatine block (GP) and nasopalatine block (NP)
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what nerve block inserts at the lingula on the mandible?
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inferior alveolar block (IA)
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The Inferior alveolar block (IA) can anesthetize the ______________ gland by mistake
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parotid
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anesthetizes the maxillary molars -except mesiobuccal cusp of 1st molar & associated tissue
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posterior superior alveolar block
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anesthetizes the posterior palatal gingiva and periodontium of premolars and molars
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greater palatine block
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anesthetizes the central and lateral incisors, canines and associated tissue
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anterior superior alveolar block
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anesthetizes the maxillary premolars, mesiobuccal root of first molar and associated tissue
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middle superior alveolar block
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anesthetizes the maxillary anterior teeth and premolars, as well as the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar in approximately 28% of cases
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infraorbital block
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anesthetizes the anterior hard palate and palatal periodontium and gingiva of maxillary anterior teeth bilaterally
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nasopalatine block
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anesthetizes the maxillary anterior teeth and premolars -ASA, MSA-not mesiobuccal root of 1st molar), NP, GP -facial periodontium & gingiva of anesthetized teeth to midline; hard palate & palatal periodontium & gingiva of ipsilateral maxillary posterior teeth & maxillary anterior teeth bilaterally -no regional soft tissue anesthesia of upper lip & face
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anterior middle superior alveolar block
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anesthetizes the mandibular teeth to the midline -mandibular quadrant except for buccal molar gingiva -inferior alveolar, mental, incisive, lingual nerve
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inferior alveolar block
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anesthetizes buccal periodontium & gingiva of mandibular molars
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buccal block
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anesthetizes the chin, lower lip, tissues of mandibular premolars & anterior teeth
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mental block
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anesthetizes the mandibular anterior teeth & premolars to the midline -facial periodontium & gingiva -lower lip and skin of chin to midline -mental & incisive nerve
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incisive block
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anesthetizes the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual, (long) buccal, mental, incisive, mylohyoid, auriculotemporal nerves -mandibular teeth to midline
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Gow-Gates mandibular block
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anesthetizes the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual, mental, incisive, mylohyoid nerves -mandibular teeth to midline
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vazirani-akinosi mandibular block
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which nerve is not anesthetized during an inferior alveolar local anesthetic block?
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buccal nerve
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what regions are usually anesthetized during an infraorbital local anesthetic block?
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upper lip, side of nose, lower eyelid
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if the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary 1st molar is not anesthetized by a PSA block, the dental professional should additionally administer what block?
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middle superior alveolar block
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which of the following is an important landmark to locate before administering an inferior alveolar block?
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coronoid notch
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the injection site for the greater palatine local anesthetic block is usually located on the palate near what?
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maxillary second or third molar
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if an extraction of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor is scheduled, which of the following local anesthetic blocks needs to be administered?
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nasopalatine block
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transient facial paralysis can occur with which incorrectly administered local anesthetic block?
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inferior alveolar block
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which local anesthetic block anesthetizes the largest intraoral area?
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inferior alveolar block
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what situation can occur if bone is contacted immediately after the needle is inserted into the soft tissue when administering an inferior alveolar block?
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needle tip is too far anteriorly on mandibular ramus
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what location is the outcome most clinically effective when using a supraperiosteal injection of local anesthetic?
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facial surface of maxillary anterior sextant
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if working within the mandibular anterior sextant on the exposed roots of the teeth, which local anesthetic block is most clinically effective and comfortable for the patient?
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bilateral incisive block
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which of the following blocks anesthetizes the associated buccal periodontium & gingiva of mandibular molars?
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buccal block
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the mental foramen is usually located on the lateral surface of the mandible inferior to the apices of what mandibular teeth?
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first and second premolars
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to have complete anesthesia of the maxillary quadrant, what anesthetic block needs to be administered along with an AMSA block?
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posterior superior alveolar block
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what serves as a landmark for the AMSA block?
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premolars
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what is considered a true mandibular local anesthetic block because it anesthetizes the entire mandibular nerve?
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gow-gates block
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what landmark should be noted when administering a gow-gates block?
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maxillary second molar
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what block is usually associated with self-inflicted trauma?
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inferior alveolar block
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what block has a high risk of positive aspiration?
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mental block
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what block usually anesthetizes the mylohyoid nerve?
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vazirani-akinosi block
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the vazirani-akinosi block is what type of block?
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closed-mouth block
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the target area for gow-gates block is?
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neck of mandibular condyle
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the lingual nerve is anesthetized by what nerve block?
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inferior alveolar block
