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What we write and speak in our everyday intercourse.

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Prose

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Pertaining to sound from speech.

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Phonic

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Imaginary narrative; the information or events are created by the author.

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Fiction

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Writing that delivers factual events and observations.

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Non-fiction

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Literary form that ridicules human vices or shortcomings.

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Satire

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A board literary method not tied to one specific form or genre, such as irony or satire.

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Mode

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Fact or reality that transcends genres.

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Truth

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An extended fictional narrative written in prose that includes characters, plot, and setting.

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Novel

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From the French "novel with a key." A narrative that depicts historical figures and events in the form of fiction.

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Roman a clef

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Longer prose narrative, originally associated with the legendary, imaginative, and poetic.

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Romance

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Delivering subject from third-person objective point of view with no added interpretation or elaboration.

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Realism

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An artistic and literary movement originating in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, emphasizing emotions, idealism, adventure, and chivalry.

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Romanticism

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Subjective or personal literary style that relies on associations; style adapted to writing from 19th century school of painters, including Monet and Renoir.

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Impressionism

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Subjective depiction of the real world through imagination, the abstract, and symbols.

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Expressionism

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Literary movement that depicts life as accurately as possible, illustrating transformation in society through environment and hereditary.

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Naturalism

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A style of prose and poetry from the 17th and 18th centuries, reviving a classical style from Greek and Roman cultures.

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Neo-classicism

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The story, the narrative, the plot and subplots.

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The "What?"

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First stage in plot in which the author establishes the situation and shares background information.

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Introduction

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The author's explanation of background information about characters and setting at the beginning of the plot; writing with a primary purpose of informing, clarifying, or explaining.

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Exposition

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Element introduced into the plot to alter its course.

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Complication

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Introduction of conflict into the plot, bringing tension that continues throughout the storyline.

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Rising action

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Turning point in a story; the point where the main character experiences a change, and the action stops building and begins falling.

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Climax

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Moment following the climax where the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist is resolved.

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Falling action

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The conclusion of a story; includes the events between the falling action and the last scene of a narrative or drama.

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Denouement

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Final division of a discourse or literary work that brings the work to a close; fifth part of plot structure.

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Conclusion

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The characters in the story.

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The "Who?"

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Do not change in significant ways.

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Static character(s)

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Personally changes over the course of a narrative or who has the ability for such change.

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Dynamic character(s)

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Struggles TOWARD of for someone or something.

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Protagonist

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Struggles AGAINST someone or something.

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Antagonist

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Exist because the plot demands it.

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stock character(s)

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Popularly held belief about a specific group or type of individuals.

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Stereotype

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Character(s) who highlight through contrast opposite characteristics in another character.

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Foils

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A narrative that is an extended metaphor; the elements of the narrative carry significance on a literal and a figurative level.

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Allegorical

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Statement summarizing the message or big idea of a story.

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Theme (a.k.a The "Why?")

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Phrase stating subject or theme of a work or speech.

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Topic

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An object, concept, or structure repeated in a literary work, literary work, thereby giving it symbolic significance in the story.

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Motif

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The setting of the story.

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The "Where?"

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The time of the story.

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The "When?"

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Author's style incorporating choices in diction, syntax, POV, description, narration, and dialogue.

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The "How?"

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The perspective or vantage point from which the author chooses to tell the story.

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Point of View (a.k.a POV)

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Latin root, it looks at ideas; explores ideas rather than explains them.

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Speculative essay

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To present a point and provide evidence, which may be factual or anecdotal (not reliable), and to support it.

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Argumentative essay

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May recount an incident or a series of incidents and is almost always autobiographical in order to make a point.

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Narrative essay

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Explains and clarifies ideas.

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Expository essay

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The speaker. In non-fiction, the author; in fiction, the narrator; may also refer to the style chosen by the writer, such as formal or informal.

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Voice

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Individual who tells or speaks the story.

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Narrator

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Writer's attitude toward a subject.

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Tone

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How an author writes; incorporates diction, syntax, use of narration and dialogue, choice of point of view, an description.

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Style

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Organization of a literary work.

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Structure

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Idea the essayist is conveying.

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Thought

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Discrepancy between what is said or done and what is meant.

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Irony

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A work that mocks an original work; character, or style through humorous imitation.

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Parody

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Doing or saying the opposite or unexpected; used in irony.

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Reversal or Inversion

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Exaggeration or overstatement.

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Hyperbole

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Expression of an idea with less force or strength than expected for the sake of humor.

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Understatement

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Harsh or biting verbal irony.

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Sarcasm

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Intellectual humor; in poetry, this works through word play to emphasize concepts.

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Wit

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Writing that attacks a person or idea through emotional language.

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Invective

Analyzing & Interpreting Literature: Prose – Flashcards

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