Analyzing & Interpreting Literature: Prose – Flashcards
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Literary form that ridicules human vices or shortcomings.
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Satire
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A board literary method not tied to one specific form or genre, such as irony or satire.
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Mode
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Fact or reality that transcends genres.
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Truth
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An extended fictional narrative written in prose that includes characters, plot, and setting.
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Novel
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From the French "novel with a key." A narrative that depicts historical figures and events in the form of fiction.
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Roman a clef
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Longer prose narrative, originally associated with the legendary, imaginative, and poetic.
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Romance
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Delivering subject from third-person objective point of view with no added interpretation or elaboration.
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Realism
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An artistic and literary movement originating in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, emphasizing emotions, idealism, adventure, and chivalry.
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Romanticism
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Subjective or personal literary style that relies on associations; style adapted to writing from 19th century school of painters, including Monet and Renoir.
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Impressionism
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Subjective depiction of the real world through imagination, the abstract, and symbols.
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Expressionism
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Literary movement that depicts life as accurately as possible, illustrating transformation in society through environment and hereditary.
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Naturalism
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A style of prose and poetry from the 17th and 18th centuries, reviving a classical style from Greek and Roman cultures.
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Neo-classicism
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The story, the narrative, the plot and subplots.
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The "What?"
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First stage in plot in which the author establishes the situation and shares background information.
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Introduction
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The author's explanation of background information about characters and setting at the beginning of the plot; writing with a primary purpose of informing, clarifying, or explaining.
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Exposition
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Element introduced into the plot to alter its course.
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Complication
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Introduction of conflict into the plot, bringing tension that continues throughout the storyline.
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Rising action
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Turning point in a story; the point where the main character experiences a change, and the action stops building and begins falling.
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Climax
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Moment following the climax where the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist is resolved.
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Falling action
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The conclusion of a story; includes the events between the falling action and the last scene of a narrative or drama.
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Denouement
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Final division of a discourse or literary work that brings the work to a close; fifth part of plot structure.
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Conclusion
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The characters in the story.
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The "Who?"
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Do not change in significant ways.
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Static character(s)
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Personally changes over the course of a narrative or who has the ability for such change.
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Dynamic character(s)
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Struggles TOWARD of for someone or something.
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Protagonist
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Struggles AGAINST someone or something.
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Antagonist
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Exist because the plot demands it.
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stock character(s)
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Popularly held belief about a specific group or type of individuals.
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Stereotype
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Character(s) who highlight through contrast opposite characteristics in another character.
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Foils
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A narrative that is an extended metaphor; the elements of the narrative carry significance on a literal and a figurative level.
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Allegorical
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Statement summarizing the message or big idea of a story.
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Theme (a.k.a The "Why?")
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Phrase stating subject or theme of a work or speech.
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Topic
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An object, concept, or structure repeated in a literary work, literary work, thereby giving it symbolic significance in the story.
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Motif
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The setting of the story.
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The "Where?"
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The time of the story.
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The "When?"
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Author's style incorporating choices in diction, syntax, POV, description, narration, and dialogue.
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The "How?"
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The perspective or vantage point from which the author chooses to tell the story.
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Point of View (a.k.a POV)
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Latin root, it looks at ideas; explores ideas rather than explains them.
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Speculative essay
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To present a point and provide evidence, which may be factual or anecdotal (not reliable), and to support it.
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Argumentative essay
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May recount an incident or a series of incidents and is almost always autobiographical in order to make a point.
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Narrative essay
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Explains and clarifies ideas.
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Expository essay
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The speaker. In non-fiction, the author; in fiction, the narrator; may also refer to the style chosen by the writer, such as formal or informal.
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Voice
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Individual who tells or speaks the story.
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Narrator
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Writer's attitude toward a subject.
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Tone
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How an author writes; incorporates diction, syntax, use of narration and dialogue, choice of point of view, an description.
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Style
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Organization of a literary work.
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Structure
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Idea the essayist is conveying.
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Thought
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Discrepancy between what is said or done and what is meant.
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Irony
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A work that mocks an original work; character, or style through humorous imitation.
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Parody
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Doing or saying the opposite or unexpected; used in irony.
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Reversal or Inversion
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Exaggeration or overstatement.
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Hyperbole
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Expression of an idea with less force or strength than expected for the sake of humor.
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Understatement
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Harsh or biting verbal irony.
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Sarcasm
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Intellectual humor; in poetry, this works through word play to emphasize concepts.
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Wit
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Writing that attacks a person or idea through emotional language.
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Invective
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