AMSCO AP World History Chapter 1 Key Terms – Flashcards
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overfarming
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taking too much from the farmed land
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overgrazing
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grazing the land so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground becomes liable to erosion
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artifacts
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an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest
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Homo sapiens sapiens
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humans
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Paloelithic Period
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a period of time that began 2.5 million years ago and ended about 10,000 years ago; because stone tools and weapons in this period, it is often called the Stone Age
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Neolithic Period
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a period of time about 10,000 years ago, as the climate was warming up from an Ice Age, where a collection of social and political developments coalesced
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monotheism
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the belief that there is only one God
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Bronze Age
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generally between 3300 BCE and 2300 BCE, a period of weapon evolution; from stone to copper to bronze
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civilization
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a large society with cities and powerful states
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Jericho
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built on the west bank of the Jordan river with artifacts dating 9000 BCE
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Catal Huyuk
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in present day Turkey; founded in 7500 BCE and existed for 2000 years
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textiles
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a type of cloth or woven fabric
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specialization of labor
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the process of allowing people to focus on limited tasks
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copper
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a metal found in a pure state in the ground in
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bronze
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a melted metal composed of tin and copper
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hunter-forager
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a person living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging
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agriculture
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the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products
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surplus
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an amount of something left over when requirements have been met
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domestication
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the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use
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nomadic pastoralism
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a way of life based on people moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture
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kinship group
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several related families that moved together in search of food
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clan
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a large group of relatives
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tribe
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multiple clans combined
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patriarchal
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of, relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men
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artisans
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a worker in a skilled trade
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merchant
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a business person who trades in commodities produced by other people in order to earn a profit
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social stratification
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refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
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preists/preistesses
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the ordained church leader who serves a congregation of believers is called a priest; administer the sacraments, preach, and care for the needs of their congregations
