America’s History, 8th Edition Chapter 22 – Flashcards
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Adkins v Children's Hospital
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the 1923 Supreme Court case that voided a minimum wage for women workers in the District of Columbia, reversing many of the gains that had been achieved through the groundbreaking decision Muller v Oregon
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welfare capitalism
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a system of labor relations that stressed management's responsibility for employees' well-being
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Red Scare
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a term for anticommunist hysteria that swept the United States, first after World War I, and led to a series of government raids on alleged subversives and a suppression of civil liberties
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Palmer Raids
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a series of raids led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on radical organizations that peaked in January 1920, when federal agents arrested six thousand citizens and aliens and denied them legal access to counsel
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Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act
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the first federally funded health-care legislation that provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses
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Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
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an organization founded by women activists in 1919; its members denounced imperialism, stressed the human suffering caused by militarism, and proposed social justice measures
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associated state
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a system of voluntary business cooperation with gov't. The Commerce Department helped create two thousand trade associations representing companies in almost every major industry
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Teapot Dome
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Nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $300,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that marred Waren G. Harding's presidency.
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dollar diplomacy
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Policy emphasizing the connection between America's economic and political interests overseas. Business would gain from diplomatic efforts in its behalf, while the strengthened American economic presence overseas would give added leverage to American diplomacy
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prohibition
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the ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect in January 1920 with the Eighteenth Amendment. Prohibition was replaced in 1933
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American Civil Liberties Union
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an organization formed during the Red Scare to protect free speech rights
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Scopes Trial
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the 1925 trial of John Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, for violating his state's ban on teaching evolution. The trial created a nationwide media frenzy and came to be seen as a showdown between urban and rural values
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National Origins Act
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a 1924 law limiting annual immigration from each country to no more than 2 percent of that nationality's percentage of the U.S. population as it had stood in 1890. The law severely limited immigration especially from Southern and Eastern Europe
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Ku Klux Klan
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Secret society that first undertook violence against African Americans in the South after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight the perceived threats posed by African Americans, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews.
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Harlem Renaissance
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a flourishing of African American atists, writers, intellectuals, and social leaders in the 1920s
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jazz
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Unique American musical form, developed in New Orleans and other parts of the South before World War I. Jazz musicians developed an ensemble improvisational style
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Universal Negro Improvement Association
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A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism
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pan-Africanism
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the idea that people of African descent, in all parts of the world, have a common heritage and destiny and should cooperate in political action
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Lost Generation
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the phrase coined by writer Gertrude Stein to refer to young artists and writers who had suffered through World War I and felt alienated from America's mass-culture society in the 1920s
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consumer credit
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new forms of borrowing, such as auto loans and installment plans, that flourished in the 1920s but helped trigger the Great Depression
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Hollywood
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City in the Los Angeles area of California where, by the 1920s, nearly 90 percent of all films in the world were produced
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flapper
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a young woman of the 1920s who defied conventional standards of conduct by wearing short skirts and makeup, freely spending the money she earned on the latest fashions, dancing to jazz, and flaunting he liberated lifestyle
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soft power
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the exercise of popular cultural influence abroad, as American radio and movies became popular around the world in the 1920s, transmitting American cultural ideals overseas
