American History UNIT 1 – Flashcards
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indentured servants
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Voluntarily surrendered their freedom for a specified time in exchange for passage to America. Recieved dues after done.
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mercantilism
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The government should regulate economic activity to serve the interests national power.
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headright
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Virgina company awarding 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
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House of Burgesses
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Only landowners could vote, and the company and its appointed governor retained the right to nullify any measure the body adopted. But its creation established a political precedent that all English colonies would eventually follow.
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Tobacco
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Virginia substituded tobacco for gold. The spread of tobacco farming produced a dispersed society with few towns and little social unity. It inspired a get-rich-quick attitude and a frenzied scramble for land and labor.
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Covenant Chain
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The governor of New York formed this alliance in which the imperial ambitions of the English and Indians reinforced one another.
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proprietor
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holder of property
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Society of Friends
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Quakers, it created an elected assembly with a broad suffrage, established religious liberty, and divided the proprietors' investment into 100 shares in the hope of promoting the development of a society of small farmers. William Penn
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Puritism
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predestination, Calvinists, "pure," Congregationalists, literacy, no separation of church and state
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Congregationalists
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Only independent local congregations, they believed, should choose clergymen and determine modes of worship.
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Calvinism
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predestination, John Calvin's ideas
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The Great Migration
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Right after the Massachusetts Bay Company tried to further Puritan cause, 21,000 Puritans came over to New England. They came because they had a desire to escape religious persecution, anxiety about the future of England, and the prospect of economic betterment.
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Roger Williams
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MA, He insisted that its congregations withdraw from the Church of England and that church and state be separated. The embrace of government, he insisted, corrupted the purity of Christian faith and drew believers into endless religious wars like those that racked Europe.
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Anne Hutchinson
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She accused ministers of Massachusetts were guilty of faulty preaching for distinguishing "saints" from the damned on the basis of activities such as church attendance and moral behavior rather than an inner state of grace. Persecuted
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Antinomianism
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a term for putting one's own judgment or faith above both human law and the teachings of the church
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Pequot extermination
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Indians in New England lacked a paramount chief. Conflict became unavoidable and the Pequots killed a fur trader. A massacre started after this by Connecticut and Massachusetts. A treaty was signed
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The Great Awakening
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This reflected existing social tensions, threw into question many forms of authority, and inspired criticism of aspects of colonial society.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Effort to get land for former indentured servants, fought natives, class issue, land vs landless
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Republic Liberty
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rebulica "the public thing" (common good), republic form of government
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Liberal Freedom
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Individual rights, John Locke, consent of the governed
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Land possession vs ownership
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conquering vs settling,
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Joint Stock Company
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company owned by many people, they retrieve a land grant and get indentured servants
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patroons
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people who recieved land grant
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God, Glory, Gold
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3 Gs people came to America for
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Royal Colony
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Chartered by crown, goal is money, more exporting than importing, VA after Joint Stock failed
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Charter of Virginia Company
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Charter to begin Virginia
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Catholic-Protestant conflict
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Prostentants disliked the Catholic church and church of england
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Modell of Christian Charity
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love, "a city upon a hill"
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utopia
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Modell of Christian Charity, about America
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Enlightenment
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natural reasons for natural occurences, reasonable
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Triangle Trade
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America -> Europe -> Africa back to America
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Middle Passage
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from Africa to America, mostly slaves, hardest trip
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Libel laws and freedom of expression
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defame, libel/slander still prosecuted
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Impact of Euopean Enlightenment
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Reason for everything, God, was replaced with reason, included heliocentrism, and laws and motion. Spilt congregations into Old and New Lights
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Salem Witch Trials
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People who weren't traditional were accused, accused the more economicaly sound, no longer pure
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Noble Savages
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suggest Indians are better, "savage" -> didn't beat children, made women work, "noble" -> respect nature, traded
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demography
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English brought diseases, crippled Indian population
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Jamestown
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First permanent English settlement, failed because on swampy land
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plantation
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First used for a colony, Later used as a large agricultural enterprise that used unfree labor to produce a crop for the world market mostly in the south, usually tobacco
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public sphere
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the world of political organizations and debate in private associations and publications outside the control of government
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Iroquois Confederation
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5 Iroquois nations, came together to coordinate behavior toward outsiders
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Northwest Passage
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passage directly to Pacific ocean, many hoped to find this in the New World
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Edict of Nantes
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French law revocation in 1685 which was intented to extend religious tolenance to French Protestants
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salutary neglect
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when the colonies were left to gover themselves
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Increase Mather
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a prominent clergy published an influencial treatise warning that juries should not take seriousluy either the testimony of those who claimed to be possessed of the confessions and accusations of persons facing execution
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Old and New lights
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Traditionalists and revivalists respectively. This was an effect of the Enlightenment
