American History Chapter 8 Section Assessments – Flashcards
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Who was a revivalist?
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preacher who works to renew the importance of religion in American life
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Who was Charles Grandison Finney?
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He was a revivalist who was a former attorney who dramatically proclaimed his own faith and pushed others to do the same
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What was an evangelical style?
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style of worship meant to elicit powerful emotions to gain converts
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Who was a Mormon?
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member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith
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Who where Unitarians?
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members of the Unitarian religion, which is based on the belief that God is a single divine being rather than a trinity
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How did the Second great Awakening affect life in the United States?
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Religion started to become much more evident in everyday life, and religious laws started to have tension between state governments
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Why do you think the messages of the Second Great Awakening affected so many Americans?
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The messages affected the Americans because religion was the reason a large portion of their ancestors came, so when they were told that they were slacking off, the message sunk in
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What factors led to discrimination against Irish immigrants in the early and middle 1800s??
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Political and economical power caused resentment
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How did the methods of people who created utopian societies differ from those of the other reformers
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Utopian societies aimed for moral and spiritual perfection by separating themselves from society
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What was the public school movement?
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movement aimed at providing greater educational opportunities through the establishment of tax-supported public schools
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What was the penitentiary movement?
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movement aimed at structuring prisons so that prisoners will feel penitent for their crimes
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What was the temperance movement?
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movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
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What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?
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Public school movement wanted to establish a system of tax supported schools, the penitentiary movement wanted jails to make criminals repent for their sins, while the temperance movement wanted to end alcohol abuse
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How did the Second Great Awakening lead to the launch of many reform movements?
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The Second Great Awakening lead to the launch of reform movements because they felt like their nation was slipping into the gutter and they needed to improve themselves
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How would the public school movement help America's government and economy?
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They argued that education would promote economic growth by supplying knowledgable workers to support the economy
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How effective do you think the penitentiary movement was?
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Not very effective, they are sitting in a jail because they committed the crime knowingly, it is still possible to make people repent but not very
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How did leaders of the temperance movement try to solve the problems of crime and poverty?
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They made pamphlets and posters warning that wasting money on alcohol prevented families from eating, a guilt trip
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In what way did African American spirituals combine African and European influences to creat something new?
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They took their traditions from home and their beliefs and molded it into European traditions and beliefs
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Why do you think few African American spirituals survive in their original forms?
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The African American people had to stay strong in their ties with each other because of the heavy persecution they were facing. Because of the tight nit communities they formed, their traditions were preserved as well
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What is a freedman?
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person who has been freed from slavery
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Who was Nat Turner?
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a slave who was successful in carrying out his plans for revolt, he had "received a sign from God" instructing him to free his people, he was their "Moses"
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What was the abolition movement
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nineteenth century movement that sought an end to slavery
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Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
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a printer from Boston who became a leading abolitionist, he was anti slavery
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Who was Frederick Douglass?
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Was born a slave, shared his slavery experiences in antislavery conventions, he was a valued speaker for the abolitionist cause
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What was the Gag Rule?
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rule lasting from 1836 to 1844 that banned debate about slavery in Congress
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How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
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reformers tried to help enslaved people by going through abolition movements and protests
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In what ways did enslaved people cope with captivity?
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They coped by maintaining their family system and friends, they kept tradition alive by naming their children after relatives and passing on stories, and also took comfort in religion
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Why did most free African Americans not support the ACS?
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Free African Americans wanted to remain in america instead of going back to africa and help their friends and family to be freed
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What role did religion play in the abolition movement?
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The Church did not help the effort for a long time, however the faith gave hope to the people and the strength to continue onwards in their path
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What led to the decline of manumission in the South?
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The South was clinging to slavery because the freed slaves were pushing toward freedom and they wanted to stem the revolution
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Who was Lucretia Mott?
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An abolitionist who thought women should be able to partake in men's business and meetings
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Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
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An abolitionist who thought women should be able to partake in men's business and meetings
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What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
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Held in New York in 1848, the first women's rights convention in the United States
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Who was Amelia Bloomer?
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One of the leading voices of the women's rights movements, published a newspaper called "The Lily"
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What was the Married Women's Property Act?
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1848 New York State law that guaranteed greater property rights for women; used as a model in other states
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What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid 1800s?
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They held conventions and they published newspapers to try and put a voice out for themselves and motivate other women to do the same
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Why do you think women's rights were so limited in the early years of the country?
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It had been the women's job to take care of the house and children for centuries, so , when the country formed, they also adopted this practice
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Why did some abolitionists become outspoken advocates for women's rights?
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They needed to get their opinion to the public
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How significant do you think the Seneca Falls Convention was?
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It was very significant, it was the first step towards organized large scale movements towards equality
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What rights and privileges do the authors believe that women are being denied?
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Her right to freedom of speech, the right to own property and earn wages, and thorough education
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Why do you think this declaration was modeled on the Declaration of Independence?
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Because it was a declaration of women's independence from men and their rights that they deserve
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Who were Joseph Smith and the mormons?
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member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith
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What was the temperance movement?
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movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
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Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
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a printer from Boston who became a leading abolitionist, he was anti slavery
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Who was Frederick Douglass?
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Was born a slave, shared his slavery experiences in antislavery conventions, he was a valued speaker for the abolitionist cause
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What is matrilineal?
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when inheritance is passed down through the female side of the family
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What is suffrage?
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the right to vote
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How did the Second Great Awakening affect life in the United States?
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Religion started to become much more evident in everyday life, and religious laws started to have tension between state governments
question
What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?
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Public school movement wanted to establish a system of tax supported schools, the penitentiary movement wanted jails to make criminals repent for their sins, while the temperance movement wanted to end alcohol abuse
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How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
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reformers tried to help enslaved people by going through abolition movements and protests
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What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid 1800s?
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They held conventions and they published newspapers to try and put a voice out for themselves and motivate other women to do the same
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Why did the second great awakening begin?
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People started to see their country slacking and their religion rotten, so they saw the need to reform
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What did the Transcendentalists and people who founded utopias have in common?
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Transcendentalists wanted to find the truth through nature and within themselves and utopians wanted to perfect their morals self perfection
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How might Horace Mann's experiences as a senator have made him an ideal leader for the school reform movement?
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He would have understood the way the government works and how to get things accomplished and to the people they need to get to
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According to the graph below, how did the amount of alcohol consumed by Americans change from 1820 to 1860?
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It started very high at 1820s but because of the reform movements, the consumption dropped
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What groups of people did reformers work hardest to help? Why?
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The enslaved africans because they sympathized with them and wanted to fight for their freedom and liberations together
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How successful were slave revolts in helping enslaved African Americans resist slavery?
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Not very, it made the owners scared which made them more violent towards their own slaves, however for those african americans who were not scared off, it was a good enemy to be fighting for a good cause
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What similar ideas did abolitionists and women's rights reformers hold?
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The American government needed to grant equality to all people
