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Because a democratic government is based on the consent of its people, who participate in the selection of its leaders and the making of its laws, it is said to have

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legitimacy

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an organization extending to the whole society that can legitimately use force to carry out its decisions

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government

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Thomas Hobbes asserted his theory of ______________ , that governments originate as implied contracts among individuals who agree to obey laws in exchange for protection of their rights.

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social contract

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All of the following are public goods

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•highways. •police protection •clean air. •parks.

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Free competition for voluntary exchange among individuals, firms, and corporations is known as

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a free market.

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Individuals have the legal right to withdraw from

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nongovernmental organizations

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Food stamps, Social Security, Medicare, and farm subsidies are examples of

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income transfers

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nonviolent violation of laws that people believe to be unjust.

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Civil disobedience

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Which of the following is a "democratic ideal?"

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•individual liberty •capitalism •equal protection of the law one person, one vote

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The underlying or core value of democracy is

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the dignity of the individual.

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John Locke argued that _____ is/are superior to all human laws and governments

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natural law.

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Citizen participation in the decisions that affect individuals' lives is a necessary part of

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democracy

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Under majority rule, _____ are the most likely to suffer violations of individual rights.

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minority groups

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The principle of limited government means

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that government is itself restrained by law

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In democracies, ______ set forth the liberties of individuals and restrain government from interfering with these liberties.

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constitutions

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Rule by an elite that exercises unlimited power over individuals in all aspects of life is

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totalitarianism

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Authoritarian governments control

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the political choices of an individual

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(n) _____ government is limited by the rule of law in its power over the liberties of individuals.

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constitutional

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Town meetings and other forms of direct democracy are often challenged because

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this form of democracy requires citizens to invest a lot of their scarce time and energy

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A governing system in which public decision making is delegated to representatives of the people chosen by popular vote in free, open, and periodic elections is a

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representative democracy

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The theory that democracy can be achieved through competition among multiple organized groups, and that individuals can participate in politics through group memberships and elections is called

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pluralism.

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n a democratic society, there is power in numbers. _____ are non-governmental organizations that attempt to influence policy by bargaining in the political arena

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Interest groups

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Costs that are imposed on persons who are not direct participants in an economic transaction are known as

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externalities

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Which of the following scenarios is likely to produce a negative externality

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A sewage plant opens for business a mile from a busy residential area

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Equal protection of the law

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protects all groups and individuals from discrimination

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All of the following are principles of limited government

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•government cannot prevent communists and racists from speaking or writing their beliefs. • there are personal liberties that the majority cannot regulate. • government cannot deny a suspected criminal his or her right to due process. •government cannot exceed its powers as defined in its constitution.

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For a government to claim to be a representative democracy, all of the following must be

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Were: •representatives are selected by popular vote. •candidates and voters are able to freely express themselves. •elections are open to competition. representatives are selected periodically

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In an open election _____ are allowed to freely express themselves.

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candidates and voters

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The masses are the many who do not have power; the _____ are the few who do.

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elite

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A political scientist who emphasizes the importance of the membership of individuals in interest groups is most likely to hold the

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pluralist view of government

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Americans believe strongly in equality of ___________, but not necessarily in equality of ___________.

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: opportunity; results

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Equal sharing of income and material goods regardless of one's efforts in life is known as

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equality of results

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The belief that government should be used to regulate the economy, protect civil rights, and not involve itself with social conduct is most consistent with

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libeliberalism.ralism.

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A person who opposes government regulation of business is likely to be a

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conservative

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The liberal, progressive, and/or socialist side of the political spectrum is often referred to as the

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left.

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_____ is an ideology that asserts the supremacy of the state or race over individuals.

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Fascism

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A system of government involving collective or government ownership of economic enterprise is

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socialism

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While many people see ideology as 'left or right', 'liberal or conservative', it is actually two-dimensional, with both social choices and _____ choices

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economic

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The agenda of academic radicalism has been labeled

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politically correct thinking

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An individual's right to own private property is a major tenet of

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capitalism.

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e underlying idea of "equality of opportunity" is that everyone

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comes to the same starting line in life

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The very beginnings of our history as a nation were shaped by classical liberalism, which asserts

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the worth and dignity of the individual.

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Feudalism, class structures, and state-established religions violate the principles of classical liberalism by

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limiting individual liberties

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Social mobility reduces conflict in societies by diminishing _____, the awareness of one's class position and the feeling of political solidarity with others within the same class in opposition to other classes.

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class consciousness

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The ideological group most likely to support restrictions on abortion, endorse school prayer, and support the death penalty is

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conservatives.

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The ideological group most likely to support restrictions on abortion, endorse school prayer, and support the death penalty is

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conservatives.

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The ideological group most likely to support restrictions on abortion, endorse school prayer, and support the death penalty is

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conservatives.

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