Am. History 7-8 – Flashcards
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For what kind of duties were the colonial militias before the Revolutionary War best qualified?
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Limited and local engagements
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What did Congress promise soldiers who committed for the duration of the war?
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One-hundred-acre land grant
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What service did women provide for the Continental army?
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Nursing the wounded
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As commander in chief, George Washington ruled that black Americans
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could not serve in the Continental army.
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Why did committees of correspondence in patriot communities dismay loyalists?
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They searched homes for contraband goods.
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During the Revolutionary War, many white women expressed their patriotism by
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taking on masculine duties at home.
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What did Tories fear?
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Democratic tyranny
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Where did the British keep their initial 4,000 prisoners of war?
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Aboard ships near New York
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The goal of the British strategy in 1777, which began with Burgoyne's capture of Fort Ticonderoga, was to
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isolate New England from the rest of the colonies.
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Which of the following characterizes the 1777 Oriskany and Fort Stanwix battles?
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Complexly multiethnic
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After the second battle of Saratoga, General Burgoyne
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surrendered.
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Why was France cautious about entering the war?
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It meant endorsing a democratic revolution
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Which British leader still wished to continue the Revolutionary War even after the French entered the conflict in 1778?
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King George III
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How did escaped slaves contribute to General Clinton's army in South Carolina?
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They knew the local landscape.
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Which of the following contributed to the British army's successful strategy in 1780?
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Benedict Arnold furnished them with secret information.
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In the peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, Indians were
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not officially recognized as players in the war.
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Who wrote the first draft of "A Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms?"
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Thomas Jefferson
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Who won the battle of Bunker Hill, the bloodiest of the entire Revolutionary War?
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The British
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When George Washington arrived in New England to assume command of the Continental army, he found the troops to be
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enthusiastic and undisciplined.
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How did John Adams respond to his wife Abigail Adams's call to "Remember the Ladies?"
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He dismissed her ideas.
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What was Britain's goal in the war for America?
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Restoring sympathetic governments
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Because of the colony's large number of loyalists and geographic advantage, the British strategy focused first on
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New York.
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What did General Washington decide to do after the battle of Long Island?
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Withdraw to forts to the north
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What saved the American army in 1776?
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The reluctance of the British to follow through when they had a military advantage
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At the beginning of the war, many Indians hoped
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to remain neutral.
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When a loyalist husband fled but his wife stayed in the colonies, she was usually
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allowed to keep one-third of her husband's property.
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After the war, the descendants of some refugee loyalists sued to regain confiscated property that had entered the family through the mother's line of inheritance on the grounds that
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women did not have the independent will to make political decisions.
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What happened shortly after the Continental Congress began to print money?
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A black market developed.
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Who rejected proposals for a negotiated settlement in September 1777?
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The Americans
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Why did Washington criticize Continental army suppliers?
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They often sent rotten food.
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Why did the Americans lose the support of Delaware and Shawnee Indians?
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Americans killed friendly chiefs.
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Indians who supported the American side in the Revolution did so because they
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thought Americans would win the war.
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Why did the British decide to shift their focus onto the South?
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They counted on receiving support from runaway slaves.
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In South Carolina, what was the result of Gates's defeat at Camden and Benedict Arnold's treason?
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A guerrilla war
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What sealed the fate of General Cornwallis and his troops at the battle of Yorktown?
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The arrival of the French fleet in the Chesapeake Bay
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When did the British begin their evacuation of New York?
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After the signing of the Treaty of Paris
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From 1775 until 1781, the Second Continental Congress existed without any
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constitutional basis.
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Which states wanted Congress, under the proposed Articles of Confederation, to preserve western lands as a national domain that would eventually be sold off to settlers?
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States with no land claims to the west
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What did James Madison and Thomas Jefferson have to do before all the states accepted the Articles of Confederation?
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Agree to give up Virginia's western lands
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Why did many talented politicians prefer to devote their energies to state governments even after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation?
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Congress was often deadlocked.
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All postcolonial state constitutions shared what conviction about government?
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It rested on the consent of the governed.
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Most political writers of the 1770s and 1780s believed that republics could succeed only if they were
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small.
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By 1789, slavery in Massachusetts had been effectively abolished by
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judicial decision.
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What happened to bills for the general emancipation of slaves in the Upper South states of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia?
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They were defeated.
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What did the superintendent of finance, Robert Morris, suggest as a solution to the confederation's postwar economic problems?
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An import tax
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What did the state of New York do after it failed to secure land from the Iroquois with an individual treaty?
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Sold the land even without the treaty
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How did Thomas Jefferson propose dealing with the national domain?
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Giving the land to settlers
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In 1786, a Massachusetts farmer and one-time captain in the Continental army named Daniel Shays
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led a tax revolt.
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The delegates meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 were supposed to
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revise the Articles of Confederation.
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What did the majority of the fifty-five men who assembled at Philadelphia in 1787 have in common?
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They were troubled by the limited confederation government.
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What did the 1787 Virginia Plan for restructuring the government call for?
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A strong national government
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In the final version of the Constitution, senators were to be elected by
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state legislatures.
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After the delegates to the Philadelphia convention drafted the Constitution, they sent it to the
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Continental Congress.
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Why did Georgians ratify the Constitution so quickly?
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They desired the protection of a strong national government.
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Antifederalists in Connecticut, Maryland, and South Carolina tended to be
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rural.
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What was the most widespread objection to ratifying the Constitution?
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It lacked any guarantees of individual liberties.
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To approve or amend the Articles of Confederation required the consent of
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all thirteen state delegations and state legislatures.
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Under the Articles of Confederation, to derive revenue to finance the war each state was to contribute to the common treasury
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funds in proportion to the property value of the state's land.
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Why did many state leaders like the lack of centralized authority in the confederation government in the late 1770s?
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They felt it would prevent the potential tyranny of government.
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Because the Articles of Confederation had intentionally refrained from establishing an executive branch, the congress
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created executive departments.
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There was widespread agreement in the 1770s that the only legitimate participants in government were the
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propertied classes.
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In 1780s New Jersey, white women and free African Americans could vote if
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they owned property worth more than 50.
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Why did seven Massachusetts freemen to refuse to pay taxes for three years following the American Revolution?
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They were protesting their inability to vote.
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By 1790, approximately 10,000 freed Virginia slaves had formed local free black communities, complete with
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schools.
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How did the Ordinance of 1784 affect the territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River?
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It guaranteed eventual statehood.
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How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 affect African Americans?
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It prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
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How did the governor of Massachusetts, James Bowdoin, respond to the 1786 tax revolt?
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He characterized the protestors as illegal rebels.
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What did Shays's Rebellion indicate about the confederation government?
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It could not handle civil disorder.
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The Great Compromise ended the logjam over what Constitutional problem?
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Apportionment of representation
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How was the slave population counted for the purpose of determining representation?
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Each slave counted as three-fifths of a person.
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Under the terms of the Constitution, how many times could a president run for reelection?
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An unlimited number of times
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How did the framers of the Constitution curb the excesses of democracy?
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Devising a government with limits and checks on all branches
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Which was the first state to give the Federalists difficulty during the ratification process?
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Massachusetts
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Antifederalists were convinced that, under the Constitution, elected representatives would always be
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from the upper class.
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Which Antifederalist conviction did James Madison challenge in essay number 10 of The Federalist?
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Republican government had to be small-scale.
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Which was the final state to ratify the Constitution?
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Rhode Island
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