question

Initially, most of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress

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opposed total independence for the colonies.

question

Why did the Second Continental Congress choose George Washington to command the Continental army?

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He was a southerner.

question

What did Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense argue?

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The British monarchy was an absurd institution.

question

Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence only after removal of

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statements blaming the king for slavery.

question

For what kind of duties were the colonial militias before the Revolutionary War best qualified?

answer

Limited and local engagements

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What did Congress promise soldiers who committed for the duration of the war?

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One-hundred-acre land grant

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What service did women provide for the Continental army?

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Nursing the wounded

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As commander in chief, George Washington ruled that black Americans

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could not serve in the Continental army.

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Why did committees of correspondence in patriot communities dismay loyalists?

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They searched homes for contraband goods.

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During the Revolutionary War, many white women expressed their patriotism by

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taking on masculine duties at home.

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What did Tories fear?

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Democratic tyranny

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Where did the British keep their initial 4,000 prisoners of war?

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Aboard ships near New York

question

The goal of the British strategy in 1777, which began with Burgoyne's capture of Fort Ticonderoga, was to

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isolate New England from the rest of the colonies.

question

Which of the following characterizes the 1777 Oriskany and Fort Stanwix battles?

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Complexly multiethnic

question

After the second battle of Saratoga, General Burgoyne

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surrendered.

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Why was France cautious about entering the war?

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It meant endorsing a democratic revolution

question

Which British leader still wished to continue the Revolutionary War even after the French entered the conflict in 1778?

answer

King George III

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How did escaped slaves contribute to General Clinton's army in South Carolina?

answer

They knew the local landscape.

question

Which of the following contributed to the British army's successful strategy in 1780?

answer

Benedict Arnold furnished them with secret information.

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In the peace treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, Indians were

answer

not officially recognized as players in the war.

question

Who wrote the first draft of "A Declaration on the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms?"

answer

Thomas Jefferson

question

Who won the battle of Bunker Hill, the bloodiest of the entire Revolutionary War?

answer

The British

question

When George Washington arrived in New England to assume command of the Continental army, he found the troops to be

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enthusiastic and undisciplined.

question

How did John Adams respond to his wife Abigail Adams's call to "Remember the Ladies?"

answer

He dismissed her ideas.

question

What was Britain's goal in the war for America?

answer

Restoring sympathetic governments

question

Because of the colony's large number of loyalists and geographic advantage, the British strategy focused first on

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New York.

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What did General Washington decide to do after the battle of Long Island?

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Withdraw to forts to the north

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What saved the American army in 1776?

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The reluctance of the British to follow through when they had a military advantage

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At the beginning of the war, many Indians hoped

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to remain neutral.

question

When a loyalist husband fled but his wife stayed in the colonies, she was usually

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allowed to keep one-third of her husband's property.

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After the war, the descendants of some refugee loyalists sued to regain confiscated property that had entered the family through the mother's line of inheritance on the grounds that

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women did not have the independent will to make political decisions.

question

What happened shortly after the Continental Congress began to print money?

answer

A black market developed.

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Who rejected proposals for a negotiated settlement in September 1777?

answer

The Americans

question

Why did Washington criticize Continental army suppliers?

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They often sent rotten food.

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Why did the Americans lose the support of Delaware and Shawnee Indians?

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Americans killed friendly chiefs.

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Indians who supported the American side in the Revolution did so because they

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thought Americans would win the war.

question

Why did the British decide to shift their focus onto the South?

answer

They counted on receiving support from runaway slaves.

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In South Carolina, what was the result of Gates's defeat at Camden and Benedict Arnold's treason?

answer

A guerrilla war

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What sealed the fate of General Cornwallis and his troops at the battle of Yorktown?

answer

The arrival of the French fleet in the Chesapeake Bay

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When did the British begin their evacuation of New York?

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After the signing of the Treaty of Paris

question

From 1775 until 1781, the Second Continental Congress existed without any

answer

constitutional basis.

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Which states wanted Congress, under the proposed Articles of Confederation, to preserve western lands as a national domain that would eventually be sold off to settlers?

answer

States with no land claims to the west

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What did James Madison and Thomas Jefferson have to do before all the states accepted the Articles of Confederation?

answer

Agree to give up Virginia's western lands

question

Why did many talented politicians prefer to devote their energies to state governments even after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation?

answer

Congress was often deadlocked.

question

All postcolonial state constitutions shared what conviction about government?

answer

It rested on the consent of the governed.

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Most political writers of the 1770s and 1780s believed that republics could succeed only if they were

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small.

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By 1789, slavery in Massachusetts had been effectively abolished by

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judicial decision.

question

What happened to bills for the general emancipation of slaves in the Upper South states of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia?

answer

They were defeated.

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What did the superintendent of finance, Robert Morris, suggest as a solution to the confederation's postwar economic problems?

answer

An import tax

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What did the state of New York do after it failed to secure land from the Iroquois with an individual treaty?

answer

Sold the land even without the treaty

question

How did Thomas Jefferson propose dealing with the national domain?

answer

Giving the land to settlers

question

In 1786, a Massachusetts farmer and one-time captain in the Continental army named Daniel Shays

answer

led a tax revolt.

question

The delegates meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 were supposed to

answer

revise the Articles of Confederation.

question

What did the majority of the fifty-five men who assembled at Philadelphia in 1787 have in common?

answer

They were troubled by the limited confederation government.

question

What did the 1787 Virginia Plan for restructuring the government call for?

answer

A strong national government

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In the final version of the Constitution, senators were to be elected by

answer

state legislatures.

question

After the delegates to the Philadelphia convention drafted the Constitution, they sent it to the

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Continental Congress.

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Why did Georgians ratify the Constitution so quickly?

answer

They desired the protection of a strong national government.

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Antifederalists in Connecticut, Maryland, and South Carolina tended to be

answer

rural.

question

What was the most widespread objection to ratifying the Constitution?

answer

It lacked any guarantees of individual liberties.

question

To approve or amend the Articles of Confederation required the consent of

answer

all thirteen state delegations and state legislatures.

question

Under the Articles of Confederation, to derive revenue to finance the war each state was to contribute to the common treasury

answer

funds in proportion to the property value of the state's land.

question

Why did many state leaders like the lack of centralized authority in the confederation government in the late 1770s?

answer

They felt it would prevent the potential tyranny of government.

question

Because the Articles of Confederation had intentionally refrained from establishing an executive branch, the congress

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created executive departments.

question

There was widespread agreement in the 1770s that the only legitimate participants in government were the

answer

propertied classes.

question

In 1780s New Jersey, white women and free African Americans could vote if

answer

they owned property worth more than 50.

question

Why did seven Massachusetts freemen to refuse to pay taxes for three years following the American Revolution?

answer

They were protesting their inability to vote.

question

By 1790, approximately 10,000 freed Virginia slaves had formed local free black communities, complete with

answer

schools.

question

How did the Ordinance of 1784 affect the territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River?

answer

It guaranteed eventual statehood.

question

How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 affect African Americans?

answer

It prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

question

How did the governor of Massachusetts, James Bowdoin, respond to the 1786 tax revolt?

answer

He characterized the protestors as illegal rebels.

question

What did Shays's Rebellion indicate about the confederation government?

answer

It could not handle civil disorder.

question

The Great Compromise ended the logjam over what Constitutional problem?

answer

Apportionment of representation

question

How was the slave population counted for the purpose of determining representation?

answer

Each slave counted as three-fifths of a person.

question

Under the terms of the Constitution, how many times could a president run for reelection?

answer

An unlimited number of times

question

How did the framers of the Constitution curb the excesses of democracy?

answer

Devising a government with limits and checks on all branches

question

Which was the first state to give the Federalists difficulty during the ratification process?

answer

Massachusetts

question

Antifederalists were convinced that, under the Constitution, elected representatives would always be

answer

from the upper class.

question

Which Antifederalist conviction did James Madison challenge in essay number 10 of The Federalist?

answer

Republican government had to be small-scale.

question

Which was the final state to ratify the Constitution?

answer

Rhode Island

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