question

need internal and external information for this kind of planning

answer

Data Base Planning

question

description of every data element in the database

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data dictionary

question

data that describes data

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meta data

question

what are the methods for designing interface between program instruction and data

answer

flat file and database processing

question

specific data file created for each application

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flat file processing

question

create a single data repository to support numerous applications

answer

database processing

question

disadvantage of this process is that creates redundant data and programs and varying formats for storing redundant data

answer

flat file

question

flat file problem that creates excessive storage costs of paper documents and or magnetic documents

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Data Storage

question

flat file problem where any changes or additions must be performed multiple times

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Data Updating

question

flat file potential problem of failing to update all the affected files

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Currency of Information

question

flat file problem where user's inhability to obtain additional information as his/her needs change.

answer

Task Data Dependency

question

________ processing resolves flat file problems of redundancy, storage, updating, currency of information, and task data dependency

answer

databse

question

________ __________ can be costly to implement and can only operate in certain environments

answer

database approach

question

databse management system

answer

DBMS

question

special software system programmed to know which data elements each user is authorized to accesss and deny unauthorized requests.

answer

DBMS

question

Features of Database Management System...(UP,DQ,AD,B&R,DUR,DA)

answer

user programs, direct query, application development, backup and recover, databse usage reporting, and database access.

question

feature that makes presence of DBMS transparent to users

answer

user programs

question

feature that allows authorized users to access data without programming

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direct query

question

feature that has user created applications

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application development

question

feature of DBMS that copies data in the event of an attack or system failure

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backup and recover

question

feature that captures statistics on database usage

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database usage reporting

question

feature that allows authorized access to sections of the databse

answer

database access

question

purpose of this is to provide controlled access to the database

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DBMS

question

this permits end users and professional programmers to accss data in the database without the need for conventional programs

answer

query capability

question

fourth generation langugue that has emerged as the standard query languate

answer

Structured Query Language

question

method used to organize records in a database. objective is to develop a structure effeciently so that data can be accessed quickly and easily. four types of structures

answer

logical data structures

question

what are the four types of logical data structures

answer

hierarchical, network, relational, object oriented

question

model that portrays data in the form of two dimensional tables

answer

relational model

question

the database table

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relation

question

data elements that form columns

answer

attributes

question

records that form rows

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tuples

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the intersectin of rows and columns

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data

question

these have no repeating values, all occurences of a row and column are a single value, attribute values in any column must be of the same class, each column in a given table must be uniquely named, each row in the table must be unique in at least one attribute

answer

properly designed relational tables

question

in these, data are viewed as a collection of independent tables. Relations are formed by an attribute that is common to both tables in the relation

answer

relational model data linkages with more than one table

question

what are the three types of anomalies

answer

insertion, deletion, and update

question

a new item cannot be added to the table until at least one entity uses this item

answer

insertion anomaly

question

happens if an attribute item that is used by only one entity is deleted. all informatin about that item is lost

answer

deletion anomaly

question

anomaly in which modification on an attribute must be made in each of the rows in which an attribute appears

answer

update anomaly

question

these can correct insertion, deletion, and update anomalies

answer

relational tables

question

the following are all ___________ of __________ ___________: removes all anomalies, various items of interest are stored in separate tables, space used efficiently, and are very flexible

answer

advantages of relational tables

question

process which systematically splits annormalized complex tables into smaller tables that meet two conditions: 1. secondary attributes dependent on primary attributes and 2. secondary attributes are independet of each other

answer

normalization process

question

when un-normalized tables are split and reduced to third form, what must happen?

answer

must be linked by foreign keys

question

happens when data processing is distributed among several information processing units (IPUs) and distributed throughout the organization.

answer

distributed data processing

question

distributed data processing (DDP) does/does not mean decentralization because IPUs are connected to one another and coordinated

answer

does not

question

data retained in a central location where remote IPUs send requests for data. central location services the needs of the remote IPUs and actual processing performed at IPUs

answer

centralized database

question

Data will temporatily be inconsistent as records are read and updated. occurs in DDP with a centralized database during transaction processing.

answer

data currency

question

procedure necessary to keep out IPUs from reading incosistent dat and keep from writting over a transaction being written by another IPU

answer

database lockout

question

splits distributed databases into segments that are distributed to their primary users.

answer

partitioning

question

problem with partitioned databases. occurs when multiple sites lock each other out of data they are currently using. one site needs data and is locked out by another site. Need a special software to analyze and resolve the issue and transactions may be terminated and restarted

answer

deadlock phenomenon

question

duplication of an entire databse for multiple IPUs. effective for situations with a high degree of data sharing but no primary users. supports read only queries. traffic between sites is reduced. Downside: maintaining current information at all locations is difficult

answer

replication

question

presence of complete and accurate information at all iPU sites

answer

concurrency

question

used to sterilize all transactions so can see what happend first, in what order, and what needs to be updated.

answer

time stamping

question

person responsible for managing database resource. With multiple users sharing a common database requires organization coordination, rules, and guidelines to protect the integrity

answer

database administrator

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