Africans in America: The Terrible Transformation – Flashcards
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effects of the slave trade on African communiities
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more wars and raids, guns introduced, people kidnapped, families torn apart, Africans abandoned villages and homes to move to the interior for safety, lived with threat of being kidnapped, disrupted culture and tradition
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Fraction of captured Africans who survived trip to west coast
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one half
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number of trips made by Europeans make to buy and sell slaves (15 - 19th centuries)
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54,000
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Number of Africans sold into slavery (during the 15th to 19th centuries)
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10-12 million
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middle passage
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middle leg of a three part journey 1 - slave ships from Europe brought good and traded for slaves 2 - took slaves to Norh/South America and collected raw materials 3 - delivered raw materials to Europe
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time to make middle passage
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2-4 months
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conditions on the slave ships
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unhygenic conditions; punishment; only hot. bad air; disease, cramped conditions, shackles
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John Newton
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slave ship owner who later opposed slave trade and wrote "Amazing Grace"
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fear of ship captains and crew
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slave revolt
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Africans showed colonists in North/South Carolina how to cultivate
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rice
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job of slaves for rice preparation
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to clear swamps in N and S Carolina
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fear of whites about slaves
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rebellion
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colonial laws to limit slave freedom
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1. whipping, branding, hurting, and even killing slaves legal in many instances 2. no freedom of movement: illegal to assmble at a funeral, earn money, learn to write and read
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Equiano
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said slavery forced slaves to live in a constant state of violance (physical and emotionsl) with the people who implemented slavery
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Stono Rebellion
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1739, African named Jemmy led slaves from Stono River South Carolina toward Florida. They killed a family to get weapons from a store. 100 slaves joined in. Killed many whites. Whites caught same day and killed many.All executed over next few months.
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Causes of the Stono Rebellion
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1. uncertain exactly what sparked it 2- Spain promised freedom to slaves who ran away from English colonies 3 - Security Act about to be passed requiring white men to take guns to church on Sunday.
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Effects of the Stono Rebellion
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Whites passed Negro Act
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1741 conspiracy to burn NYC
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1. various structured in NYC burned over a couple of months 2. whites feared slaves and working class plotting to burn the city 3. turned into a witch hunt 4. many people including blacks killed 4. historians not sure if organized conspiracy paranoia among whites
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Negro Act
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slaves couln NOT grow food, assemble in groups, earn money, learn to read
