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ADLs

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activities that are oriented toward taking care of ones own body. these activities are "fundamental to living in a social world; they enable basic survival and well-being"

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bathing, showering

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obtaining and using supplies; soaping, rinsing, and drying body parts; maintaining bathing position; and transferring to and from bathing positions

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bowel and bladder management

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includes completing intentional control of bowel movements and urinary bladder and if necessary, using equipments or agents for bladder control

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dressing

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selcting clothing and accessories appropriate to time of day, weather, and occasion; obtaining clothing from storage area; dressing and undressing in a sequential fashion; fastening and adjusting clothing and shoes; and applying and removing personal devices; prostheses or orthoses.

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eating

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the ability to keep and manipulate food or fluid in the mouth and swallow it; eating and swallowing are often used interchangeably

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feeding

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the process of setting up, arranging and bringing food from the plate or cup to the mouth sometimes called self feeding

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functional mobility

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moving from one position or place to another, such as in- bed mobility, wheelchair mobility, and transfers (e.g. wheelchair, bed, car, tub, toilet, tub/shower, chair, floor) includes functional ambulation and transporting objects

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personal device care

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using, cleaning, and maintaing personal care items, such as hearing aids, contact lenses, glasses, orthotics, prosthetics, adaptive equipment, and contraceptive and sexual devices

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personal hygiene and grooming

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obtaining and using supplies; removing body hair; applying and removing cosmetics; washing, drying, combing, styling, brushing, and trimming hair; caring for nails, caring for skin, ears, eyes, and nose; applying deodorant; cleaning mouth; brushing and flossing teeth; or removing, cleaning,and reinserting dental orthotics and prosthetics

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sexual activity

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engaging in activities that result in sexual satisfaction

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toilet hygiene

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obtaining and using supplies; clothing management; maintaining toileting position; transferring to and from toileting position; transferring to and from toilet position; cleaning body; and caring for mentrual and continence needs

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IADLs

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activities that support daily life within the home and community that often require more complex interactions than self-care used in ADL

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care of others

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arranging, supervising, or providing the care for others

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care of pets

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arranging, supervising, or providing care for pets and service animals

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child rearing

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providing the care and supervision to support the developmental needs of a child

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communication management

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sending, recieving, and interpreting information using a variety of systemns and equipment, including writing tools, telephones, type writers, audivisual recorders, computers, communication boards, call lights, emergency systems

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community mobility

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moving around in the community and using public or private transportation, such as driving, walking, bicycling, or accessing and riding in buses, taxi cabs, or other transportation systems

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financial management

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using fiscal resources, including alternate methods of financial transaction and planning and using finances with long term and short term goals

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health management and maintenance

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developing, managing, and maintaining routines for health and wellness promotion, such as physical fitness, nutrition, decreasing health risk behaviors, and medication routines

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home establishment and management

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obtaining and maintaing personal and household possessions and enviornment, including maintaining and repairing personal possessions and knowing how to seek help or whom to contact

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meal prep and cleanup

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planning, preparing, and serving well balanced, nutritional meals and cleaning up food and utensils after meals

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religious observance

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participating in religion, an organized system of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols designed to facilitate closeness to the sacred or transcendent

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safety and emergency maintenance

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knowing and performing preventive procedures to maintain a safe enviornment as well as recognizing sudden, unexpected hazardous situations and initiating emergency action to reduce the threat to health and safety

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shopping

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preparing shopping lists (grocery and other); selecting, purchasing, and transporting items, selecting method of payment; and completing money transactions

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rest and sleep

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includes activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep that supports healthy active engagement in other areas of occupation

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rest

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quiet and effortless actions that interrupt physical and mental activity resulting in a realxed state

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sleep

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a series of activities resulting in going to sleep, staying asleep, and ensuring health and safety through participation in sleep involving engagement with the physical and social enviornments

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sleep preparation

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engaging in routines that prepare the slef for a comfortable rest, such as grooming and undressing, reading or listening to music to fall asleep, saying goodnight to other, and mediation or prayers, determining the time of day and length of time needed to wake

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sleep participation

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taking care of personal need for sleep such as cessation of activities to ensure onset of sleep, napping, dreaming, sustaining a sleep state without disruption, and nighttime care of toileting needs or hydration. negotiating the needs and requirements of others within the social enviornment. interacting with those sharing the sleeping space such as children or partners, providing nighttime care giving such as breastfeeding and monitoring the comfort and safety of others such as the family while sleeping

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education

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includes activities needed for learning and participating in the enviornment

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formal education participation

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including the categories of academic, nonacademic, extracurricular, and vocational participation

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informal personal educational needs or interests exploration (beyond formal education)

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Identifying topics and methods for obtaining topic-related information or skills.

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informal personal education participation

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participating in classes, programs, and activities that provide instruction/training in identified areas of interest.

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work

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includes activities needed for engaging in remunerative employment or volunteer activities

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employment interest and pursuits

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identifying and selecting work opportunities based on assets, limitations, likes, and dislikes relative to work

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employment seeking and acquisition

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Identifying and recruiting for job opportunities; completing, submitting, and reviewing appropriate application materials

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job performance

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including work skills and patterns; time management; relationships with co workers, managers, and customers; creation, production, and distribution of products and services; initiation, sustainment, and completion of work; and compliance with work norms and procedures

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retirement preparation and adjustment

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Determining aptitudes, developing interests and sills, and selecting appropriate avocational pursuits

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volunteer exploration

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Determining community causes, organizations, or opportunities for unpaid "work" in relationship to personal skills, interests, location, and time available

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volunteer participation

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Performing unpaid "work" activities for the benefit of identified selected causes, organizations, or facilities

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play

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any spntaneous or organized activity that provides enjoyment, entertainment, amusement, or diversion

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play exploration

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identifying appropriate play activities which can include exploration play, practice play, pretend play, games with rules, constructive play, and symbolic play

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play participation

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Participating in play; maintaining a balance of play with other areas of occupation; and obtaining, using, and maintaining toys, equipment, and supplies appropriately.

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leisure

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a nonobligatory that is intrindically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, time not commited to obligatory occupations such as work, self- care, or sleep

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leisure exploration

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identifying interests, skills, opportunities, and appropriate leisure activities

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leisure participation

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Planning and participating in appropriate leisure activities, maintaining a balance of leisure activities with other areas of occupation

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social participation

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organized patterns of behavior that are characteristic and expected of an individual within a social system

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community

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engaging in activities that result in successful interaction at the community level (i.e., neighborhood, organization, work, school)

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family

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engaging in activities that result in successful interaction in specific required and/or desired familial roles

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peer,friend

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Social Participation / Activities at different levels of intimacy, including engaging in desired sexual activity.

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client factors

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values, beliefs, and spirtuality, body functions, body structures

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values

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principles, standards, or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by the client who holds them

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beliefs

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cognitive content held true

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spirituality

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the personal quest for understanding answers to ultimate questions about life, about meaning, and the sacred

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body functions

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the phsiological functions of body systems including psycholigical functions specific mental functions, global mental functions, sensory functions and pain, neuromusculoskeletal and movement- related functions, cardiovascular, hematological, immunological, and respiratory system function, voice and speech functions, digestive, metabolic, and endocrine system function, genitourinary and reproductive functions,skin and related structure functions

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body structures

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anatomical parts of the body such are organs, limbs, and their components that support body function structure of nervous system, eyes, ears, speech, etc

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activity demands

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the aspects of an activity, which include the objects and their properties, space, social demands, sequencing and timing, required actions and skills and required underlying body functions and structure needed to carry out the activity

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objects and their properties

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Tools (e.g., scissors, dishes, shoes, volleyball) • Materials (e.g., paints, milk, lipstick) • Equipment (e.g., workbench, stove, basketball hoop) • Inherent properties (e.g., heavy, rough, sharp, colorful, loud, bitter tasting

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space demands (relates to physical context)

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physical environment requirements of the activity (size, arrangement, surface, lighting, temperature, noise, humidity, ventilation) ex. large open space outdoors required for baseball game, bathroom door and stall width to accommodate wheelchair, noise, lighting, and temperature controls for a library

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social demands

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Social structure and demnads that may be required by the activity. I.E. rules of the game

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sequence and timing

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• Steps to make tea: Gather cup and tea bag, heat water, pour water into cup, and so forth. � Sequence: Heat water before placing tea bag in water. � Timing: Leave tea bag to steep for 2 minutes. • Steps to conduct a meeting: Establish goals for meeting, arrange time and location for meeting, prepare meeting agenda, call meeting to order. � Sequence: Have people introduce themselves before beginning discussion of topic. � Timing: Allot sufﬁcient time for discussion of topic and determination of action items.

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required actions

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this type of activity demand includes the usual skills that would be required by any performer to carry out the activity, for example feeling the heat from a stove.

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required body functions

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physiological functions of the body systems (including psychological functions) that are required to support the actions used to perform the activity

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required body structures

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anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, & their components that support body function that are required to perform the activity

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performance skills

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The abilities clients demonstrate in the actions they perform

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motor and praxis skills

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• Bending and reaching for a toy or tool in a storage bin • Pacing tempo of movements to clean the room • Coordinating body movements to complete a job task • Maintaining balance while walking on an uneven surface or while showering • Anticipating or adjusting posture and body position in response to environmental circumstances, such as obstacles • Manipulating keys or lock to open the door

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sensory-perceptual skills

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actions or behaviors a client uses to locate, identify, and respond to sensations and to select, interpret, associate, organize, and remember sensory events based on discriminating experiences thru a variety of sensations. (ex= positioning the body, hearing an dlocating, visually, timing the appropriate moment, and discerning).

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emotional regulation skills

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• Responding to the feelings of others by acknowledgment or showing support • Persisting in a task despite frustrations • Controlling anger toward others and reducing aggressive acts • Recovering from a hurt or disappointment without lashing out at others • Displaying the emotions that are appropriate for the situation • Utilizing relaxation strategies to cope with stressful events

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cognitive skills

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Actions or behaviors a client uses to plan and manage the performance of an activity

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communication and social skills

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• Looking where someone else is pointing or gazing • Gesturing to emphasize intentions • Maintaining acceptable physical space during conversation • Initiating and answering questions with relevant information • Taking turns during an interchange with another person verbally and physically • Acknowledging another person's perspective during an interchange

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performance patterns

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Patterns of human behavior related to daily occupations that include habits, routines, and roles.

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habits

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Automatic behavior that is integrated into more complex patterns that enable people to function on a day to day basis

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routines

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Patterns of human behavior that are observable, regular, repetitive and that provide structure for daily life.

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rituals

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symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning, contributing to the clients identity and reinforcing values and beliefs

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roles

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a set of behaviors expected by society, shaped by culture, and may be further conceptualized and defined by the client

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context and enviornment

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context and enviornment refers to a variety of interrelated conditions within and surrounding the client that influence performance

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cultural

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Customs, beliefs, activity patterns, behavior standards, and expectations accepted by the society of which the client is a member. Includes ethnicity and values as well as political aspects, such as laws that affect access to resources and affirm personal rights. Also includes opportunities for education, employment, and economic support.

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personal

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features of the individual that are not part of a health condition or health status, personal context includes age, gender, socioeconomic status, and educational status

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temporal

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location of occupational performance in time. the experience of t ime as shaped by engagement in occupation. the temporal aspects of occupation which contribute to the patterns of daily occupations

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virtual

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enviornment in which communication occurs by means of airways or computers and an absence of physical contact

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physical

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natural and built nonhuman enviornment and the objects in them

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social

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in constructed by presence, relationships, and expectations of persons, organizations, populations

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occupational therapy process

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evaluation, intervention, outcomes

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occupation-based intervention

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client engages in client centered directed occupation that match identified goals (completes morning dressing and hygiene using adaptive devices)

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purposeful activity

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client engages in specifically selected activities that allow the client to develop skills that enhance occupational engagement (practices how to select clothing and manipulate clothing fasteners)

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preparatory methods

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practioner selects directed methods and techniques that prepare the client for occupational performance. used in preparation for our concurrently with purposeful and occupation based activities (provides snesory enrichment to promote alterness)

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activity

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making a sandwhich for yourself

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occupation

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making sandwhich for child

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top down

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OT adjust activity or occupational performance with use of compensatory strategies (use of a planner to remember daily goals this is a compenstory strategy)

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bottom up

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addressed dysfunction in functional skills, improve skills will improve functional mobility (memory games to increase memory skills

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backward chaining

answer

therapist does all teh steps of the task except last step, then next time therapist does all steps except the last two

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forward chaining

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pt starts doing task and therapist does all steps until the last 2 then therapist does last 2

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backward chaining is better because

answer

you build up to the tasks

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spherical grip

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turning a door knob

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cylindrical grip

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1. Occurs when an object is stabilized against the palm by finger flexion 2. Example: Holding a hammer

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hook grasp

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carrying a bucket by the handle i.e. carrying a pail of bolts -MCP in ext, PIP and DIP joints to be flexed and may not include the use of the thumb

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tip pinch

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Opposition of the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger

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tripod (3 jawwed chuck)

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first two fingers and thumb (writing with a pen)

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lateral

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thumb opposing PIP joint- swiping credit card

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adaptive devices

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reachers, sockades, shoe horns, long handle sponge

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DME

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bedside commode

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components:

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bedside commode

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difference between grading and adapting

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grading an activity is to reduce or increase the demands on the client while adapting is to allow for greater participation and independence

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models of human occupation

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an open or dynamic behavior that influences occupational behavior in individuals

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PEOP

answer

An ecological model that puts equal focus on the person, environment, occupation, and performance

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PEO

answer

A model of practice that examines the person, environment, and occupation but not the interactions between the systems. Still viewed as separate elements.

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occupational adaptation

answer

This model focuses on the person, the occupational environment, and the interaction. It supports compensatory techniques if necessary.

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