question

A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality?

answer

Danger

question

In the early asylums, treatment for mental illness began with the intention to provide:

answer

Good care

question

The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is:

answer

Social work

question

George hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that:

answer

distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

question

Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call:

answer

Outpatient therapy

question

Which item is NOT associated with hypnotism?

answer

The somatogenic perspective

question

Which statement is NOT a reason that demonology dominated views of abnormality in Europe in the Middle Ages?

answer

The culture rejected religious beliefs

question

Which component is NOT noted by clinical theorist Jerome Frank as essential to all forms of therapy?

answer

Third-party payer

question

Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the:

answer

1500s

question

St. Vitus' dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:

answer

tarantism

question

Which "new diagnosis" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive?

answer

crime phobia

question

"What the #%*$!! is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now!" The client who says this is MOST likely voicing concern about a:

answer

Managed care program

question

One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was:

answer

it did not work for everyone

question

An otherwise "normal" person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

answer

Psychogenic

question

An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:

answer

dysfunctional

question

In the 1600s, Pilgrims in Europe who sought "psychic healing" would have been MOST likely to go to:

answer

Gheel, Belgium

question

A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the time Freud was practicing is that:

answer

people are more likely to receive treatment for "problems in living."

question

Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition:

answer

melancholia

question

Immigration trends and differences in birthrates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more:

answer

multicultural

question

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

answer

dysfunction

question

When more than one research method produces similar results, researchers:

answer

can have more confidence in the results.

question

Once a study in abnormal psychology finds significant results, researchers:

answer

must ask a number of questions about the details of the study.

question

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. In this study, how was experimenter bias reduced?

answer

by having researchers who don't know who got which pill

question

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists. Which design would prevent this problem?

answer

double-blind

question

In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antipsychotic drug, an assistant puts all drugs into capsules of the same color and codes them. The assistant will have no part in administering the drug. Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who receives which drug. This is an example of a:

answer

double-blind design.

question

Which statement is NOT a reason that correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies?

answer

They offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting.

question

"Why do we do natural experiments?" asks a student. "After all, each disaster that causes a natural experiment is unique." A good answer would be, "Using natural experiments, researchers have learned quite a lot about:

answer

stress disorders."

question

Which item is an analogue study?

answer

studying the effects of stress in nonhumans

question

The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given time period is termed:

answer

epidemiological (incidence).

question

In single-subject experimental designs, the participant is observed and measured before the manipulation of an independent variable. This initial observation period is called the:

answer

baseline period.

question

The major advantage of a correlational study over a case study is that it:

answer

has better external validity.

question

If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has:

answer

external validity.

question

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is

answer

-.88.

question

Which statement does NOT describe a challenge faced by clinical researchers?

answer

There are very few graduate students trained in clinical research.

question

"The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat." If true, this statement expresses:

answer

a positive correlation.

question

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest relationship?

answer

-.06

question

Which statement is FALSE regarding the obstacles that clinical scientists face in studying psychological disorders?

answer

Humans have unusually stable (unchanging) moods and behavior.

question

To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by:

answer

flipping a coin to determine group assignment.

question

The clinical practitioner would be more likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation?

answer

case study with a single participant

question

If you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking:

answer

a nomothetic understanding.

question

A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. The form of psychotherapy the patient is receiving is called:

answer

psychodynamic therapy.

question

Huntington's disease, which has psychological as well as physical aspects, results from loss of cells in the:

answer

basal ganglia.

question

Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality?

answer

low activity of serotonin

question

When José did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of:

answer

overgeneralization.

question

Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on:

answer

focusing on the here and now.

question

Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called:

answer

the pleasure principle.

question

The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle.

answer

id

question

The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is:

answer

client-centered

question

A patient's initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is:

answer

denial.

question

The only time that Timmy gets attention is when he misbehaves in a bizarre way. This is an example of:

answer

operant conditioning

question

Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term is called:

answer

tertiary prevention.

question

Evidence in support of the psychodynamic model has come primarily from:

answer

case studies.

question

One who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which of the following paradigms?

answer

sociocultural

question

The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic and to try out new interpretations of events is:

answer

cognitive.

question

The view that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of:

answer

classic Freudian psychotherapy.

question

Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy:

answer

is limited to case studies.

question

The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes:

answer

accepting problematic thoughts.

question

Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from:

answer

illogical thinking.

question

In the 1960s and 1970s, the social upheaval and soul searching in Western society gave rise to which of the following approaches to therapy?

answer

humanistic and existential

question

If someone is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy in his or her life, that person is more likely to _____ than someone who has social support and intimacy.

answer

become depressed when under stress

question

To measure tendencies toward depression, an assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad. However, individuals report wide variation in the number of "sad" episodes from day to day. This assessment tool has:

answer

low test-retest reliability and high face validity.

question

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and "Psychopathic deviate" (PD) is the:

answer

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

question

If a clinician is using the ICD to make a diagnosis, MOST likely that clinician is:

answer

practicing outside the United States.

question

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. He often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. Which MMPI-2 scale would he MOST likely score high on?

answer

psychasthenia

question

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the:

answer

neuropsychological test

question

Which statement is MOST accurate?

answer

The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the model for the DSM.

question

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy a person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has

answer

face validity.

question

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

answer

the chance to get a general sense of the client.

question

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high:

answer

predictive validity.

question

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:

answer

the Thematic Apperception Test.

question

The technique that uses X rays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called

answer

computerized axial tomography.

question

A(n) _____ inventory asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or anger.

answer

affective

question

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:

answer

have higher validity.

question

Surveys show that more than one-third (33 percent) of Americans:

answer

would not seek counseling for fear of being labeled "mentally ill."

question

Among other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is:

answer

humanistic.

question

A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably:

answer

behavior

question

Which test is NOT a projective test?

answer

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

question

On average, patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem improves more than do _____ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment.

answer

75 percent

question

Clients check off either "Applies" or "Does Not Apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a:

answer

personality inventory.

question

Which factors in the client-therapist relationship are NOT related to positive treatment outcomes?

answer

therapist uses humor

question

If you were having marital problems that were affecting your work and your employer made mental health services available to you to deal with those problems, your employer would be providing you with:

answer

an employee assistance program.

question

The current code of ethics declares that a therapist should break confidentiality even without the client's consent:

answer

when the client or another person is threatened.

question

Some states have adopted a verdict of guilty but mentally ill. The sentence that must be given to those so convicted is:

answer

jail with treatment if necessary

question

Which is NOT true about profiling

answer

Profiling is realistically portrayed on most television shows.

question

Suffering from a psychophysiological disorder such as headaches, alcoholism, and substance abuse might make one eligible for an insanity defense under the:

answer

Durham test.

question

The preference insurance companies show for short-term mental health services, by default, favors:

answer

drug treatment over talk therapies.

question

In the United States, members of racial minority groups, compared to white Americans, are:

answer

more likely to be found incompetent to stand trial and more likely to be evaluated as an inpatient.

question

A man is having trouble coping with his financial problems and is getting depressed about them. He seeks out someone at his company who helps by counseling employees on such issues and tries to address problems before they get worse. He is seeking help from:

answer

an employee assistance program.

question

Which is an example of the way patients' rights might interfere with patients' recovery (that is, an example of a time when patients' rights are not good for the patients)?

answer

The right to refuse medication may limit a patient's recovery.

question

According to studies regarding psychological disorders and prisoners, which is an accurate statement?

answer

Psychological disorders are more common in prison populations than in the general population.

question

If a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed both of them in a "fit of passion," that man may be eligible for an insanity defense under the:

answer

irresistible impulse test.

question

A recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three- quarters of them reported being in therapy themselves at least once and that they;

answer

seek therapy for the same problems that affect other people.

question

A person who has been criminally committed has been:

answer

accused of a crime and sent to a psychiatric institution for mental health treatment.

question

The legal system and the scientific community generally see _____ as fundamentally different.

answer

the degree of free will people have regarding their behavior

question

Generally speaking, social network users:

answer

have close relationships and support from others.

question

Members of "Mad Pride" try to:

answer

reduce the stigma of mental illness.

question

If someone is interested in pursuing a career in a field that combined mental health and the legal and judicial systems, you should direct that person toward:

answer

forensic psychology.

question

The version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions if those actions were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called the:

answer

Durham test.

question

Which is the BEST way to describe the growth of social media use in the past five years?

answer

spectacular

question

One difficulty with the mentally disordered sex offender classification is that:

answer

racial bias appears to affect who is given this classification.

question

What percentage of people become irritated if they must depart from their routines?

answer

40 percent

question

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

answer

behavioral

question

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

answer

Compulsions help people control their obsessions

question

According to cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to:

answer

neutralize.

question

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

answer

public places.

question

If one wanted a drug to improve the effectiveness of GABA, one would choose:

answer

a benzodiazepine.

question

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder, it must:

answer

increase serotonin activity.

question

According to cognitive theorists, people experiencing anxiety sensitivity:

answer

are unable to assess bodily sensations accurately.

question

Which treatment is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?

answer

relaxation therapy

question

Which convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder?

answer

differences in the brain circuitry in the two disorders

question

According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

answer

excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress

question

According to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in the _____ development.

answer

anal

question

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge his faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

answer

rational-emotive therapy.

question

Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

answer

a generalized anxiety disorder.

question

According to Freud, children who are punished or threatened for expressing their id impulses may develop:

answer

moral anxiety.

question

Which descriptor would be LEAST likely to describe someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the cognitive perspective?

answer

Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow.

question

Which behavioral assumption has not been supported by research?

answer

Phobias are always acquired through classical conditioning in humans.

question

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain?

answer

caudate nuclei

question

Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Tod and has been wondering for years if that was the right decision. She is exhibiting:

answer

obsessive doubts.

question

According to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

answer

Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced.

question

About 30 percent of those receiving outpatient therapy are diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. Some experts say adjustment disorders are:

answer

overdiagnosed, because they are easy to apply to many problems and are less stigmatizing than other diagnoses

question

What effect has the use of sodium amobarbital had in treating dissociative amnesia and fugue?

answer

Results are mixed, successful with some patients and not with others.

question

The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feelings that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical is MOST similar to:

answer

depersonalization.

question

What proportion of women are the victims of rape at some point during their lives?

answer

1 in 6

question

Someone you know has just been diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. You can be reasonably sure that this person's disorder is:

answer

not normal, but less severe than acute distress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder.

question

A client receiving treatment for identity disorder is progressing well through therapy; then, fusion occurs. MOST likely, the client has:

answer

merged the final two or more subpersonalities.

question

A feeling of detachment from oneself could be diagnosed as PTSD or depersonalization disorder. How would one decide which diagnosis is BEST?

answer

by considering which symptoms predominated

question

Shawn experiences a mugging and robbery in which his dog is kidnapped. Eventually the dog is found and returned. However, he is unable to recall events immediately following the attack, up until the safe return of the dog. This is a classic example of:

answer

localized amnesia.

question

Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

answer

female, or low-income individuals.

question

Norepinephrine is to _____ as corticosteroid is to _____.

answer

sympathetic pathway; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway

question

A person's levels of cortisol and norepinephrine are in the normal range. MOST likely, that person is experiencing:

answer

no stress disorder.

question

One very interesting study investigated the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder, and the physiological responses of the "subpersonalities" of those instructed to fake dissociative identity disorder. The study showed that the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder:

answer

differed from one another, but the subpersonalities of those faking dissociative identity disorder did not.

question

Which statement accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response?

answer

The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids.

question

Poor health is BEST described as a:

answer

stressor.

question

Which is an accurate statement about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing in the aftermath of a disaster (based on research studies)?

answer

Debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse.

question

After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined buildings. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia?

answer

localized

question

The chief sources of data used to support the theories of psychodynamic and behavioral clinicians are:

answer

case studies.

question

Women are _____ as likely as men to develop stress disorders.

answer

twice

question

A visual image that is retained so vividly that one can continue to scan it for more information is called:

answer

an eidetic image.

question

An individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument can no longer remember how to as a result of a dissociative disorder. The dissociative disorder MOST likely is:

answer

dissociative identity.

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