Abnormal Psychology Exam 3 CH 10-13 – Flashcards
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Although it is certainly an unusual source of data for researchers, some have looked at Playboy centerfolds and Miss America Beauty pageant contestants. How is this research relevant to eating disorders? A. The emphasis on thinness is a relatively recent phenomenon in the last 20 years. B. In their interviews, almost all of these women gave subtle clues suggesting they were in deep conflict concerning weight control. C. These women's facial features indicated they had dieted beyond the point of medical safety. D. Between 1959 and 1988, their ratio of weight to height for these groups declined dramatically.
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D. Between 1959 and 1988, their ratio of weight to height for these groups declined dramatically.
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For both anorexia and bulimia, the rate of occurrence in females compared to in males is about A. equal. B. 10 to 1. C. 5 to 1. D. 2 to 1.
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B. 10 to 1.
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A researcher discussing the prevalence of eating disorders makes reference to what she says is a cohort effect for these disorders. What does this mean? A. Families that place a special emphasis on eating meals together have high rates of eating disorders. B. Eating disorders tend to run in close-knit families. C. The frequency of eating disorders is strongly related to the rate among friends, especially in high school. D. Women born after 1960 have a higher rate of bulimia nervosa than women born prior to 1960.
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D. Women born after 1960 have a higher rate of bulimia nervosa than women born prior to 1960.
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What is one principal assumption of Alcoholics Anonymous? A. Only mental health professionals are successful in treating alcoholism. B. The first step is to improve overall physical health. C. Treatment must include a biological intervention, such as Antabuse. D. People cannot recover on their own.
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D. People cannot recover on their own.
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Which age group has the highest prevalence rates for alcohol dependence? A. young adults B. adolescents C. the middle aged D. the elderly
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A. young adults
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Out of all men and women who have ever used alcohol, approximately ____ percent will develop serious alcohol related problems. A. 30 B. 10 C. 20 D. 50
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C. 20
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Which of the following are you most likely to find among the elderly in the United States? A. higher rates of alcohol abuse than among younger people B. higher rates of drug abuse than among younger people C. prescription drug abuse and dependence D. illegal drug abuse and dependence
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C. prescription drug abuse and dependence
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A relative was admitted to the hospital and given doses of naltrexone for problems related to alcohol. How will this drug affect the man? A. It will block the action of norepinephrine. B. It will block the action of GABA. C. It will decrease the level of endogenous opioids. D. It will increase levels of dopamine in the brain.
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C. It will decrease the level of endogenous opioids.
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What is the general conclusion on research designed to match certain types of patients to particular alcohol treatment programs? A. Age, socioeconomic status, and other demographic factors are the key to creating a good match. B. The success of these matches depends primarily on the client's level of comorbid conditions. C. The primary variable predicting treatment success is the accuracy of the match. D. There is little evidence for the effectiveness of matching.
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D. There is little evidence for the effectiveness of matching.
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Some of the most dramatic physiological changes during sexual excitement are due to vasocongestion, which refers to A. increased muscular tension. B. engorgement of blood vessels. C. elevated respiration rates. D. decreased neurotransmitter activity.
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B. engorgement of blood vessels.
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A drag queen who is gay and who cross-dresses would probably not be diagnosed with transvestic disorder because A. the drag queen will not be sexually aroused by cross-dressing. B. people with transvestic disorder will only dress in clothing of other people of the same sex. C. people who are gay cannot be diagnosed with any mental disorder. D. a person with transvestic disorder will only hold, but not dress in, clothing of the opposite sex.
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A. the drag queen will not be sexually aroused by cross-dressing.
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You have come to the part of your Abnormal Psychology textbook that covers the sexual dysfunctions, where there are several case studies presented. Which of the following might well be the subject of one of those cases? A. someone who displays deviant sexual behavior B. someone with an anatomical defect that interferes with normal sexual behavior C. someone whose sexual desire is inhibited D. someone who has an excessive interest in sex
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C. someone whose sexual desire is inhibited
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The U.S. Congress and all 50 states have passed laws that are intended to protect society from people who have been convicted of violent or repeated sexual offenses. One set of laws, sometimes called Megan's laws, are actually called A. community protection laws. B. Amber Alerts. C. child protection laws. D. community notification laws.
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D. community notification laws.
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What evidence suggests that the development of schizophrenic disorders is not entirely explained by genetics? A. None of the twin studies have found a concordance rate that even approaches 100 percent. B. Concordance rates for DZ twins are less than for MZ twins. C. DZ twins are not 100 percent concordant. D. Concordance rates for MZ twins are less than for DZ twins.
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A. None of the twin studies have found a concordance rate that even approaches 100 percent.
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Expressed emotion refers to A. family members showing acceptance and caring. B. the appropriateness of a schizophrenic person's affect. C. the schizophrenic person's stated desire to engage in social relations. D. family members being negative and intrusive.
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D. family members being negative and intrusive.
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Research on the relationship between dysfunctional smooth-pursuit eye movement and schizophrenia has suggested that this dysfunction may be A. induced by an environmental toxin. B. associated with a predisposition to schizophrenia. C. present in all forms of schizophrenia. D. absent in other mental disorders.
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B. associated with a predisposition to schizophrenia.
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In January, Rita was beginning to perform poorly at work; she was neglecting her appearance, becoming withdrawn, and exhibiting odd behaviors. In June, Rita showed the full-blown symptoms of schizophrenia. Her behavior in January can be considered part of which phase of the disorder? A. residual B. prodromal C. active D. undifferentiated
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B. prodromal
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During an interview, a patient says he frequently hears the voice of his sister coming from his image in the bathroom mirror. The psychologist who is conducting the interview most likely writes that the patient presents evidence of A. delusions. B. hallucinations. C. loose associations. D. negative symptoms.
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B. hallucinations.
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Why is the new class of antipsychotic medications called "atypical"? A. They are effective for a small number of patients. B. They are used for unusual types of schizophrenia. C. They are usually used for non-schizophrenic disorders. D. They do not produce extrapyramidal symptoms.
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D. They do not produce extrapyramidal symptoms.
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Ted is taking notes in an abnormal psychology course; the topic today is the diagnosis of schizophrenia. When Ted reviews the material next week, how might he summarize the material on the symptoms used to identify schizophrenia? A. Psychosis is not found in any condition other than schizophrenia. B. No single symptom is indicative of schizophrenia. C. Delusions and hallucinations define the disorder. D. The negative symptoms indicate the absence of schizophrenia.
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B. No single symptom is indicative of schizophrenia.
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What is one of the indirect lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that viral infections play a role in the etiology of some cases of schizophrenia? A. High doses of drugs designed to fight viral infections can reduce some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. B. There is a correlation between indices of air pollution and rates of schizophrenia around the world. C. The rates of schizophrenia tend to be elevated during periods of famine. D. There is a slightly elevated rate of schizophrenia among people born in the winter months.
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D. There is a slightly elevated rate of schizophrenia among people born in the winter months.
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The process in which neurons adapt to psychoactive drug use by reducing the number of receptors or by reducing their sensitivity to the drug is known __________ regulation. A. metabolic B. down C. up D. neuron
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B. down
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You are a psychologist for a drug treatment program aimed at adolescents. In evaluating new clients, you would be most concerned about the long-term continuous use of which substance? A. LSD B. PCP C. psilocybin mushrooms D. MDMA
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B. PCP
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Your friend misses work and has serious family difficulties because he uses drugs. However, he is not addicted to drugs. What DSM-5 diagnosis should be made in this case? A. substance abuse B. substance dependence C. substance use disorder D. substance ingestion habit
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C. substance use disorder
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In the absence of other etiological factors for alcohol use disorder, being raised by an alcoholic parent A. increases the risk of alcohol dependence, but decreases the risk of abuse. B. does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder. C. reduces the risk of alcohol related problems but increases the risk of drug related problems. D. still significantly increases the chance of developing the disorder.
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B. does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder.
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A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on aggression. What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol? A. Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol. B. Alcohol has powerful placebo effects in the treatment of many medical conditions. C. Given a choice, most participants prefer tonic to alcohol. D. The effects of alcohol are the result of an inherited failure to metabolize the drug.
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A. Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol.
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The California Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP) was designed for men convicted of either rape or child molestation. The treatment was comprehensive using cognitive behavioral therapy and several other interventions. In a carefully controlled study, the SOTEP results A. found no difference in subsequent sexual crimes between the treatment and the control group. B. found an actual increase in recidivism in the therapy group. C. suggest a 13 percent reduction in subsequent recidivism between the therapy group and the control group. D. found a significant increase in violent crime in both groups.
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A. found no difference in subsequent sexual crimes between the treatment and the control group.
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How long does the resolution phase last? A. about 5 minutes B. less than 1 minute C. no more than 15 minutes D. 30 minutes or longer
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D. 30 minutes or longer
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What was one of Alfred Kinsey's conclusions based on interviews with 18,000 men and women between 1938 and 1956? A. Low sexual desire is a form of psychopathology. B. Homosexuality was a perversion. C. Distinctions among sexual orientations were essentially meaningless. D. There is little diversity in normal sexual behaviors.
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C. Distinctions among sexual orientations were essentially meaningless.
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Schizophrenic symptoms, sometimes called psychotic symptoms, that include hallucinations and delusions are known as A. aberrant symptoms. B. hallucinatory symptoms. C. positive symptoms. D. negative symptoms.
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C. positive symptoms.
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As a clinician treating schizophrenia, you know that which of the following statements about second-generation antipsychotic drugs is true? A. They have no adverse side effects. B. Ultimately, they may decrease a patient's risk for diabetes and hypertension. C. Most have more extrapyramidal side effects than first-generation drugs. D. They are not significantly more effective than first-generation drugs for treating negative symptoms.
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D. They are not significantly more effective than first-generation drugs for treating negative symptoms.
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DSM-5 does not contain a formal cutoff as to how thin is too thin. What does it suggest as a useful indicator in adults? A. a BMI below 22 B. a weight below 16 C. a BMI below 15.5 D. a BMI below 18.5
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D. a BMI below 18.5
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Which of the following diagnoses is new to the DSM-5? A. binge-eating disorder B. rumination disorder C. bulimia nervosa D. pica
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A. binge-eating disorder
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Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between death and the misuse of alcohol? A. The number of alcohol-related deaths in the U.S. has been steadily declining for the past 20 years. B. Alcohol is responsible for relatively few deaths directly. C. Alcohol related deaths due to disease are more common among young men. D. Alcohol related deaths due to injury are more common among young men.
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D. Alcohol related deaths due to injury are more common among young men.
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For a class assignment, you are asked to find information on cocaine. A reference book on drugs lists them by major category. Under which category will you find cocaine? A. opiates B. depressants C. stimulants D. hallucinogens
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C. stimulants
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The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as A. opiates. B. sedatives. C. neuroleptics. D. narcotics.
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B. sedatives.
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The incredible diversity of sexual experiences reported by his subjects led Alfred Kinsey to A. investigate the distinction between normal and abnormal sexual behavior. B. conclude that homosexuals and heterosexuals were identical in their responses. C. conclude that homosexuals and heterosexuals were fundamentally different. D. reject the distinction between normal and abnormal sexual behavior.
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D. reject the distinction between normal and abnormal sexual behavior.
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Which of the following characterizes the effect of very low levels of testosterone in males? A. attraction to homosexual stimuli B. painful urination C. lack of erection when viewing erotica D. inhibited response to sexual fantasies
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D. inhibited response to sexual fantasies
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A physician prescribes Viagra to treat a patient's erectile dysfunction and advises him to be aware of possible side effects such as A. constipation and rapid heartbeat. B. hallucinations and body rashes. C. headaches and altered vision. D. insomnia and muscular pain.
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C. headaches and altered vision.
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What can we conclude about the epidemiology of dyspareunia? A. It is much more common in men. B. It occurs only in women. C. It occurs only in men. D. It is much more common in women.
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D. It is much more common in women.
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After gathering data on the typical individuals who seek treatment for hypoactive sexual desire, how will researchers describe these individuals? A. They are likely to have other mental and medical disorders. B. They are likely to have been abused as children. C. They are overwhelmed with guilt and anxiety concerning sexual activity. D. They are confused about sexual identity.
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A. They are likely to have other mental and medical disorders.
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Adrian, a graduate student, is learning to use DSM-5 and is surprised to find that there are no official subtypes of schizophrenia given, even though he remembers seeing them in previous DSM versions. Which of the following statements is true regarding this discrepancy? A. Recent genetic evidence showed that the subtypes were etiologically distinct syndromes. B. The subtypes were valid. C. Evidence has shown that the previous subtypes were not qualitatively different disorders. D. The previous subtypes were strong predictors of the course of the disorder.
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C. Evidence has shown that the previous subtypes were not qualitatively different disorders.
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For patients with schizophrenia being treated with antipsychotic drugs, the real-world rates of relapse are significantly higher than best-case rates because A. many patients stop taking their medication to avoid unpleasant side effects. B. the best-case rates are based on inaccurate assumptions about neurochemistry. C. best-case rates are promoted by pharmaceutical companies trying to market their drugs. D. antipsychotic drugs only work for short periods of time.
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A. many patients stop taking their medication to avoid unpleasant side effects.
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Cross-cultural studies of the rate of schizophrenia show A. higher rates in poor societies. B. higher rates in Western cultures. C. higher rates in urban populations. D. higher rates in rural populations.
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C. higher rates in urban populations.
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The validity of the distinction between the restricting type and the binge eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa is questioned mainly because A. these subtypes are clearly distinct and never appear with any overlapping. B. they do not differ in terms of comorbidity, recovery, relapse, or mortality. C. individuals diagnosed with either subtype describe themselves in similar terms. D. they both express a gender bias.
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B. they do not differ in terms of comorbidity, recovery, relapse, or mortality.
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What is likely to occur if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey? A. He will become intoxicated more quickly. B. He will become aggressive. C. He will not feel the effects of the alcohol. D. He will become violently ill.
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D. He will become violently ill.
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What evidence led developers of DSM-5 to remove the distinction between substance abuse and substance dependence? A. Substance abuse was moved to the impulse control disorders section. B. Evidence suggests dependence and abuse are not clearly distinct forms of disorder. C. People who abuse substances are always dependent on substances. D. Substance abuse was removed because abusers do not suffer serious impairment.
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B. Evidence suggests dependence and abuse are not clearly distinct forms of disorder.
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Mabel is taking an antipsychotic to treat her schizophrenia. Which of the following drugs would be expected to cause Mabel to gain the most weight? A. haloperidol (Haldol) B. chlorpromazine (Thorazine) C. clozapine (Clozaril) D. risperidone (Risperdal)
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C. clozapine (Clozaril)
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A research report refers to the "spectrum of schizophrenia disorders." Which of the following best illustrates this concept? A. A family with a member suffering from schizophrenia is at higher risk for disorders such as schizoaffective disorder. B. Mood disorders with psychotic features are similar to schizophrenia. C. The rate of schizophrenia depends on the types of viruses that are prevalent in a given environment. D. Efforts to understand one's place in the world lead many to experience an existential crisis that appears similar to schizophrenia.
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A. A family with a member suffering from schizophrenia is at higher risk for disorders such as schizoaffective disorder.
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DSM-5 requires a minimum of _____ symptom(s) in order to diagnose schizophrenia. A. five B. two C. three D. one
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B. two
